access icon free Effect of mechanical milling on the structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 powders

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a well-known ferroelectric material and widely used in electronic industries for the multi-layer ceramic capacitor. In this reported work, commercially available tetragonal BaTiO3 (BT) powders were taken to study the size effect on the structural and dielectric properties of the BT ceramics during high-energy ball milling (0–110 h). The same perovskite when kept under a normal atmospheric condition after milling shows gradual increase of additional crystalline phase that occurred because of the absorption of atmospheric CO2 gas, which is characterised as orthorhombic BaCO3. The milled BT samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering and a dielectric analyser. The purpose of this work was to study how the dielectric property of nanoBT ceramics varies with reduction of particle size, structural changes and the absorption of carbon by these nanopowders. It was observed that the dielectric constant of the BT powders increases with particle size reduction during milling. The dielectric behaviour of the BT ceramics significantly changes with polymorphic phase transformation in nanocrystalline BT at different stages of milling. The capacitance of nanoBT powders is significantly changed with the absorption of carbon by the nanoBT powders in a humid atmosphere.

Inspec keywords: ferroelectric ceramics; ball milling; nanoparticles; nanofabrication; particle size; permittivity; X-ray diffraction; barium compounds; polymorphic transformations; X-ray scattering

Other keywords: size effect; tetragonal powders; particle size reduction; small-angle X- ray scattering; atmospheric gas absorption; orthorhombic phase; electronic industries; nanoceramics; structural properties; multilayer ceramic capacitor; ferroelectric materials; mechanical milling effect; nanopowders; normal atmospheric condition; high-energy ball milling; dielectric properties; crystalline phase; carbon absorption; humid atmosphere; X-ray diffraction; barium titanate; dielectric constant; time 0 h to 110 h; perovskite phase; polymorphic phase transformation; BaTiO3

Subjects: Other methods of nanofabrication; Powder techniques, compaction and sintering; Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder; Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity; Dielectric permittivity; Solid-solid transitions; Structure of solid clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanostructured materials; Preparation of ceramics and refractories; X-ray scattering (condensed matter)

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http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2013.0751
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