Single-ended electrical impedance tomography

Abdalla Salama; Amin Malekmohammadi; Shahram Mohanna

Single-ended electrical impedance tomography

View Fulltext

Author(s): Abdalla Salama¹ ; Amin Malekmohammadi¹ ; Shahram Mohanna²
- Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Nottingham , Semenyih , Malaysia ;
  2: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
Source: Volume 2018, Issue 4, April 2018, p. 173 – 185
DOI: 10.1049/joe.2017.0301 , Online ISSN 2051-3305

« Previous Article
Table of contents
Next Article »

This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)

Received 16/07/2017, Accepted 12/12/2017, Revised 01/12/2017, Published 15/01/2018

A novel prototype electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system, which uses single-ended signalling, is presented. The single-ended electrical impedance tomography system consists of a host computer, data acquisition system, switching box, MATLAB, and LabVIEW program. Ability of the system to detect and track hidden conductive and non-conductive objects was examined using a beaker (cylindrical shape) of 180 mm diameter and 280 mm height, filled with 3000 mL tap water, and with 16 electrodes attached. Stainless steel and Teflon rods with different sizes were placed in different locations inside the beaker, and images were obtained. All the objects were tested under multiple signal injection frequencies in the range of 12–1000 kHz. The results showed that the system could detect and track conductive and non-conductive objects during certain injection frequencies. The single-ended EIT system requires one wire connection to make one signal injection or measurement, and this is controlled using a multiplexer or switching box. Alternatively, an ordinary EIT system requires additional wire connections for single data measurement or injection, and a more complex circuit to control the I/O signals. This greater number of wires and increased circuit complexity will increase the data error rate and the cost significantly.

References

1. 1)
  - 4. Mueller, J.L., Siltanen, S., Isaacson, D.: ‘A direct reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography’, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 2002, 21, (6), pp. 555–559 (doi: 10.1109/TMI.2002.800574).
2. 2)
  - 17. Kauppinen, P., Hyttinen, J., Malmivuo, J.: ‘Sensitivity distribution simulations of impedance tomography electrode combinations’, Int. J. Bioelectromagnetism, 2005, 7, (1), pp. 344–347.
3. 3)
  - 13. Sarode, V., Patil, H., Cheeran, A.N.: ‘LabVIEW based automatic data acquisition system for electrical impedance tomography’, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol., 2014, 5, (0975–9646), pp. 4320–4324.
4. 4)
  - 23. Li, R., Gao, J., Li, Y., et al: ‘Preliminary study of assessing bladder urinary volume using electrical impedance tomography’, J. Med. Biol. Eng., 2016, 36, (1), pp. 71–79 (doi: 10.1007/s40846-016-0108-1).
5. 5)
  - 9. Chen, X., Kao, T.-J., Ashe, J.M., et al: ‘Multi-channel electrical impedance tomography for regional tissue hydration monitoring’, Physiol. Meas., 2014, 35, (6), pp. 1137–1147 (doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/6/1137).
6. 6)
  - 16. Guermandi, M., Cardu, R., Franchi Scarselli, E., et al: ‘Active electrode IC for EEG and electrical impedance tomography with continuous monitoring of contact impedance’, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 2014, 9, (1), pp. 21–33 (doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2014.2311836).
7. 7)
  - 20. Soleimani, M.: ‘Computational aspects of low frequency’, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model., 2008, 5, (3), pp. 407–440.
8. 8)
  - 2. Holder, D.S.: ‘Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) of brain function’, Brain Topography, 1992, 5, (2), pp. 87–93 (doi: 10.1007/BF01129035).
9. 9)
  - 22. Bera, T.K., Nagaraju, J., Lubineau, G.: ‘Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based evaluation of biological tissue phantoms to study multifrequency electrical impedance tomography (Mf-EIT) systems’, J. Vis., 2016, 19, (4), pp. 1–23 (doi: 10.1007/s12650-016-0351-0).
10. 10)
  - 3. van der Burg, P.S., Miedema, M., de Jongh, F.H., et al: ‘Unilateral atelectasis in a preterm infant monitored with electrical impedance tomography: a case report’, Eur. J. Pediatrics, 2014, 173, (12), pp. 1715–1717 (doi: 10.1007/s00431-014-2399-y).
11. 11)
  - 12. Zhang, T., Zhou, L., Ammari, H., et al: ‘Electrical impedance spectroscopy-based defect sensing technique in estimating cracks’, Sensors, 2015, 15, (5), pp. 10909–10922 (doi: 10.3390/s150510909).
12. 12)
  - 5. Thorn, R., Johansen, G., Hjertaker, B.T.: ‘Three-phase flow measurement in the petroleum industry’, Meas. Sci. Technol., 2013, 24, (1), p. 12003 (doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/1/012003).
13. 13)
  - 11. Ic, T., Hong, S., Member, S., et al: ‘A 4. 9 m Ω -sensitivity mobile electrical impedance’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 2015, 50, (1), pp. 245–257 (doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2355835).
14. 14)
  - 1. Santos S., Aguiar, Robens, A., Boehm, A., et al: ‘System description and first application of an FPGA-based simultaneous multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography’, Sensors, 2016, 16, (8), p. 1158 (doi: 10.3390/s16081158).
15. 15)
  - 19. Aw, S.R., Rahim, R.A., Rahiman, M.H.F., et al: ‘Electrical resistance tomography: a review of the application of conducting vessel walls’, Powder Technol., 2014, 254, pp. 256–264 (doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.050).
16. 16)
  - 24. Li, T., Isaacson, D., Newell, J.C., et al: ‘Adaptive techniques in electrical impedance tomography reconstruction’, Physiol. Meas., 2014, 35, (6), pp. 1111–1124 (doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/6/1111).
17. 17)
  - 15. Dowrick, T., Blochet, C., Holder, D.: ‘In vivo bioimpedance measurement of healthy and ischaemic rat brain: implications for stroke imaging using electrical impedance tomography’, Physiol. Meas., 2015, 36, (6), pp. 1273–1282 (doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/6/1273).
18. 18)
  - 7. Wi, H., Sohal, H., McEwan, A.L., et al: ‘Multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography system with automatic self-calibration for long-term monitoring’, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 2014, 8, (1), pp. 119–128 (doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2256785).
19. 19)
  - 26. Breckon, W.R., Pidcock, M.K.: ‘Mathematical aspects of impedance imaging’, Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., 1987, 8, (Suppl. A), pp. 77–84 (doi: 10.1088/0143-0815/8/4A/010).
20. 20)
  - 21. Bera, T.K., Nagaraju, J.: ‘A chicken tissue phantom for studying an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system suitable for clinical imaging’, Sens. Imaging, 2011, 12, (3–4), pp. 95–116 (doi: 10.1007/s11220-011-0063-4).
21. 21)
  - 27. Alberti, G.S., Ammari, H., Jin, B., et al: ‘The linearized inverse problem in multifrequency electrical impedance tomography’, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 2016, 9, (4), pp. 1525–1551 (doi: 10.1137/16M1061564).
22. 22)
  - 8. Li, L., Shin, H., Li, X., et al: ‘Localized electrical impedance myography of the biceps brachii muscle during different levels of isometric contraction and fatigue’, Sensors, 2016, 16, (4), p. 581 (doi: 10.3390/s16040581).
23. 23)
  - 14. Li, Y., Soleimani, M.: ‘Imaging conductive materials with high frequency electrical capacitance tomography’, Measurement, 2013, 46, (9), pp. 3355–3361 (doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.05.020).
24. 24)
  - 6. Fu, F., Li, B., Dai, M., et al: ‘Use of electrical impedance tomography to monitor regional cerebral edema during clinical dehydration treatment’, PLoS ONE, 2014, 9, (12), p. e113202 (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113202).
25. 25)
  - 25. Yang, W.Q., Spink, D.M., York, T.A., et al: ‘An image-reconstruction algorithm based on landweber's iteration method for electrical-capacitance tomography’, Meas. Sci. Technol., 1999, 10, pp. 1065–1069 (doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/10/11/315).
26. 26)
  - 18. Jaakko, M., Robert, P.: ‘Bioelectromagnetism: principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields’ (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, 1st edn.).
27. 27)
  - 10. Li, X., Wang, X., Zhao, Q., et al: ‘In situ representation of soil/sediment conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy’, Sensors, 2016, 16, (5), pp. 1–9 (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2509619).

Login

Not registered yet?

Share

Tools

Login to add to favourites

Key

Single-ended electrical impedance tomography

References

Related content