This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)
This study investigates the performance of energy detection (ED)-based spectrum sensing over two-wave with diffused power (TWDP) fading channels, which have been found to provide accurate characterisation for a variety of fading conditions. A closed-form expression for the average detection probability of ED-based spectrum sensing over TWDP fading channels is derived. This expression is then used to describe the behaviour of ED-based spectrum sensing for a variety of channels that include Rayleigh, Rician and hyper-Rayleigh fading models. Such fading scenarios present a reliable behavioural model of machine-to-machine wireless nodes operating in confined structures such as in-vehicular environments.
References
-
-
1)
-
14. Subadar, R., Singh, A.: ‘Performance of SC receiver over TWDP fading channels’, IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett., 2013, 2, pp. 267–270 (doi: 10.1109/WCL.2013.13.120778).
-
2)
-
8. Frolik, J.: ‘A case for considering hyper-Rayleigh fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2007, 6, pp. 1235–1239 (doi: 10.1109/TWC.2007.348319).
-
3)
-
8. Atapattu, S., Tellambura, C., Jiang, H.: ‘Performance of an energy detector over channels with both multipath fading and shadowing’, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2010, 9, (12), pp. 3662–3670 (doi: 10.1109/TWC.2010.100110.091042).
-
4)
-
17. Haykin, S., Thomson, D., Reed, J.: ‘Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio’, Proc. IEEE, 2009, 97, pp. 849–877 (doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2015711).
-
5)
-
3. Kim, D., Ingram, M.-A., Smith, Jr.W.W.: ‘Measurements of small-scale fading and path loss for long range RF tags’, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2003, 51, pp. 1740–1749 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2003.814752).
-
6)
-
16. Marcum, J.: ‘A statistical theory of target detection by pulsed radar’, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 1960, 6, pp. 59–267 (doi: 10.1109/TIT.1960.1057560).
-
7)
-
10. Durgin, G., Rappaport, T., De Wolf, D.A.: ‘New analytical models and probability density functions for fading in wireless communications’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2002, 50, pp. 1005–1015 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2002.1010620).
-
8)
-
1. Frolik, J.: ‘On appropriate models for characterizing hyper-Rayleigh fading’, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2008, 7, pp. 5202–5207 (doi: 10.1109/T-WC.2008.070968).
-
9)
-
4. Zhang, Y., Yu, R., Nekovee, M., Liu, Y., Xie, S., Gjessing, S.: ‘Cognitive machine-to-machine communications: visions and potentials for the smart grid’, IEEE Netw., 2012, 26, pp. 6–13 (doi: 10.1109/MNET.2012.6201210).
-
10)
-
18. Lopez-Benitez, M., Casadevall, F.: ‘Signal uncertainty in spectrum sensing for cognitive radio’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2013, 61, pp. 1231–1241 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.021413.110807).
-
11)
-
18. Lopez-Benitez, M., Casadevall, F.: ‘Signal uncertainty in spectrum sensing for cognitive radio’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2013, 61, pp. 1231–1241 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.021413.110807).
-
12)
-
G.D. Durgin ,
T.S. Rappaport ,
D.A. de Wolf
.
New analytical models and probability density functions for fading in wireless communications.
IEEE Trans. Commun.
,
6 ,
1005 -
1015
-
13)
-
J. Frolik
.
A case for considering hyper-Rayleigh fading channels.
IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.
,
1235 -
1239
-
14)
-
J.I. Marcum
.
A statistical theory of target detection by pulsed radar.
IRE Trans. Inf. Theory
,
2 ,
59 -
267
-
15)
-
5. Dong, J., Zhang, S., Wu, X.: ‘Cross-correlation processing based an energy detection algorithm for non-carrier UWB radar’. 2013 IEEE Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS), July 2013, pp. 1537–1540.
-
16)
-
S. Atapattu ,
C. Tellambura ,
H. Jiang
.
Performance of an energy detector over channels with both multipath fading and shadowing.
IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.
,
3662 -
3670
-
17)
-
17. Nuttall, A.: ‘Some integrals involving the q-function’, .
-
18)
-
13. Simon, M.K., Alouini, M.-S.: ‘Digital communication over fading channels’ (John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2005), vol. 95.
-
19)
-
6. Rabbachin, A., Quek, T., Pinto, P., Oppermann, I., Win, M.: ‘UWB energy detection in the presence of multiple narrowband interferers’. IEEE Int. Conf. on Ultra-Wideband, 2007. ICUWB 2007, September 2007, pp. 857–862.
-
20)
-
9. Rappaport, T.: ‘Wireless communications: principles and practice’ (Prentice-Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2001, 2nd edn.).
-
21)
-
S. Haykin ,
D.J. Thomson ,
J.H. Reed
.
Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio.
Proc. IEEE
,
5 ,
849 -
877
-
22)
-
15. Abramowitz, M.: ‘Handbook of mathematical functions, with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables’ (Dover Publications, Incorporated, Washington, DC, 1974).
-
23)
-
D. Kim ,
M.A. Ingram ,
W.W. Smith
.
Measurements of small-scale fading and path loss for long range RF tags.
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
,
8 ,
1740 -
1749
-
24)
-
14. Subadar, R., Singh, A.: ‘Performance of SC receiver over TWDP fading channels’, IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett., 2013, 2, pp. 267–270 (doi: 10.1109/WCL.2013.13.120778).
-
25)
-
J. Frolik
.
On appropriate models for characterizing hyper-Rayleigh fading.
IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.
,
12 ,
5202 -
5207
-
26)
-
4. Zhang, Y., Yu, R., Nekovee, M., Liu, Y., Xie, S., Gjessing, S.: ‘Cognitive machine-to-machine communications: visions and potentials for the smart grid’, IEEE Netw., 2012, 26, pp. 6–13 (doi: 10.1109/MNET.2012.6201210).
-
27)
-
2. Sen, I., Matolak, D., Xiong, W.: ‘Wireless channels that exhibit ‘worse than Rayleigh’ fading: analytical and measurement results’. Military Communications Conf., 2006. MILCOM 2006. IEEE, October 2006, pp. 1–7.
-
28)
-
11. Digham, F., Alouini, M.-S., Simon, M.K.: ‘On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels’. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, 2003. ICC ’03, May 2003, vol. 5, pp. 3575–3579.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/joe.2014.0271
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/joe.2014.0271
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6