This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/)
Closed-form analytical formulas are provided to calculate the dc bus harmonics of a three-phase sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverter. The harmonic analysis is performed by using a double Fourier series approach to determine the dc bus current frequency spectrum. For an arbitrary modulation index and load power factor, the full harmonic components of the inverter dc side current are calculated. Based on the developed analytical model, an equivalent circuit is proposed for the inverter harmonic analysis towards the dc bus. Moreover, the impacts of line harmonics and zero sequence injection in controller towards the dc bus are presented. The results show that the 5th and 7th ac line harmonics on the dc side current is appearance of the 6th harmonic in the dc side. The impact of zero sequence injection to the controller on the dc side is negligible. In addition to analytical formulation, different simulations and extensive measurements performed which the results verified the presented analytical framework.
References
-
-
1)
-
12. Bierhoff, M., Fuchs, F.: ‘Dc-link harmonics of three-phase voltage source converters influenced by the pulse width-modulation strategy: an analysis’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2008, 55, (5), pp. 2085–2092 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.921203).
-
2)
-
8. Ziogas, P., Photiadis, P.N.D.: ‘An exact input current analysis of ideal static PWM inverters’, IEEE Trans, Ind, Appl,, 1983, IA-19, (2), pp. 281–295 (doi: 10.1109/TIA.1983.4504192).
-
3)
-
4. Holtz, J.: ‘Pulsewidth modulation – a survey’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 1992, 39, (5), pp. 410–420 (doi: 10.1109/41.161472).
-
4)
-
16. Liu, J., Feng, X., Lee, F., Borojevich, D.: ‘Stability margin monitoring for dc distributed power systems via perturbation approaches’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, 18, (6), pp. 1254–1261 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.818822).
-
5)
-
13. Khaligh, A., Rahimi, A., Emadi, A.: ‘Negative impedance stabilizing pulse adjustment control technique for dc/dc converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode and driving constant power loads’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2007, 56, (4), pp. 2005–2016 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2007.897248).
-
6)
-
9. Evans, P., Hill-Cottingham, R.: ‘Dc link current in PWM inverters’, IEE Proc. B, Electr. Power Appl., 1986, 133, (4), pp. 217–224 (doi: 10.1049/ip-b.1986.0030).
-
7)
-
7. Bowes, S., Bird, B.: ‘Novel approach to the analysis and synthesis of modulation processes in power convertors’, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng., 1975, 122, (5), pp. 507–513 (doi: 10.1049/piee.1975.0141).
-
8)
-
10. Cross, A., Evans, P., Forsyth, A.J.: ‘Dc link current in PWM inverters with unbalanced and nonlinear loads’, IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl., 1999, 146, (6), pp. 620–626 (doi: 10.1049/ip-epa:19990528).
-
9)
-
3. Wen, H., Xiao, W., Li, H., Wen, X.: ‘Analysis and minimisation of dc bus surge voltage for electric vehicle applications’, IET Electr. Syst. Transp., 2012, 2, (2), pp. 68–76 (doi: 10.1049/iet-est.2011.0035).
-
10)
-
2. Wen, H., Xiao, W., Wen, X., Armstrong, P.: ‘Analysis and evaluation of dc-link capacitors for high-power-density electric vehicle drive systems’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2012, 61, (7), pp. 2950–2964 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2206082).
-
11)
-
20. Wen, H., Xiao, W., Li, H., Wen, X.: ‘Analysis and minimisation of DC bus surge voltage for electric vehicle applications’, IET Electr. Syst. Transp., 2012, 2, (2), pp. 68–76 (doi: 10.1049/iet-est.2011.0035).
-
12)
-
A.M. Cross ,
P.D. Evans ,
A.J. Forsyth
.
DC link current in pwm inverters with unbalanced and non–linear loads.
IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl.
,
6 ,
620 -
626
-
13)
-
16. Liu, J., Feng, X., Lee, F., Borojevich, D.: ‘Stability margin monitoring for dc distributed power systems via perturbation approaches’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2003, 18, (6), pp. 1254–1261 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.818822).
-
14)
-
2. Khaligh, A., Rahimi, A.M., Emadi, A.: ‘Negative impedance stabilizing pulse adjustment control technique for DC/DC converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode and driving constant power loads’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2007, 56, (4), pp. 2005–2016 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2007.897248).
-
15)
-
9. Evans, P., Hill-Cottingham, R.: ‘Dc link current in PWM inverters’, IEE Proc. B, Electr. Power Appl., 1986, 133, (4), pp. 217–224 (doi: 10.1049/ip-b.1986.0030).
-
16)
-
6. Holmes, D., Lipo, T.: ‘Pulse width modulation for power converters: principles and practice’ (Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2003).
-
17)
-
4. Boroyevich, D., Cvetkovic, I., Dong, D., Burgos, R., Wang, F., Lee, F.: ‘Future electronic power distribution systems a contemplative view’. 2010 12th Int. Conf. on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM), 2010, pp. 1369–1380.
-
18)
-
8. Ziogas, P., Photiadis, P.N.D.: ‘An exact input current analysis of ideal static PWM inverters’, IEEE Trans, Ind, Appl,, 1983, IA-19, (2), pp. 281–295 (doi: 10.1109/TIA.1983.4504192).
-
19)
-
15. Sudhoff, S., Glover, S., Lamm, P., Schmucker, D.H., Delisle, D.: ‘Admittance space stability analysis of power electronic systems’, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 2000, 36, (3), pp. 965–973.
-
20)
-
18. Erickson, R.W., Maksimovic, D.: ‘Fundamentals of power electronics’ (Kluwer Academic, New York, 2001, 2nd edn.).
-
21)
-
11. McGrath, B., Holmes, D.: ‘A general analytical method for calculating inverter dc-link current harmonics’. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2008. IAS ‘08. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1–8.
-
22)
-
2. Wen, H., Xiao, W., Wen, X., Armstrong, P.: ‘Analysis and evaluation of dc-link capacitors for high-power-density electric vehicle drive systems’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2012, 61, (7), pp. 2950–2964 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2206082).
-
23)
-
1. Black, H.S.: ‘Modulation theory’ (Van Nostrand Reihnold, New York, 1953).
-
24)
-
19. Haghbin, S., Thiringer, T.: ‘Dc bus current harmonics of a three-phase PWM inverter with the zero sequence injection’. IEEE Transportation Electrification Conf. and Expo (ITEC 14), 2014.
-
25)
-
J. Holtz
.
Pulsewidth modulation – a survey.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
5 ,
410 -
420
-
26)
-
7. Bowes, S., Bird, B.: ‘Novel approach to the analysis and synthesis of modulation processes in power convertors’, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng., 1975, 122, (5), pp. 507–513 (doi: 10.1049/piee.1975.0141).
-
27)
-
23. Bierhoff, M.H., Fuchs, F.W.: ‘DC-link harmonics of three-phase voltage-source converters influenced by the pulse width-modulation strategy-an analysis’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2008, 55, (5), pp. 2085–2092 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.921203).
-
28)
-
14. Liukkonen, M., Hinkkanen, M., Kyyra, J., Ovaska, S.: ‘Modeling of multiport dc busses in power-electronic systems’. 2013 IEEE Int. Conf. on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2013, pp. 740–745.
-
29)
-
17. Dahono, P., Purwadi, A., Kataoka, T.: ‘A new approach for harmonic analysis of three-phase current-type PWM converters’. Industry Applications Conf., 1997. Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, IAS ‘97., Conf. Record of the 1997 IEEE, 1997, vol. 2, pp. 1487–1495.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/joe.2014.0167
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/joe.2014.0167
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6