Wavelet-domain audio watermarking using optimal modification on low-frequency amplitude
- Author(s): Shuo-Tsung Chen 1, 2 ; Chih-Yu Hsu 3 ; Hunag-Nan Huang 2
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View affiliations
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Affiliations:
1:
Sustainability Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan (R.O.C);
2: Department of Applied Mathematics, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan (R.O.C);
3: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan (R.O.C)
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Affiliations:
1:
Sustainability Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan (R.O.C);
- Source:
Volume 9, Issue 2,
April 2015,
p.
166 – 176
DOI: 10.1049/iet-spr.2013.0399 , Print ISSN 1751-9675, Online ISSN 1751-9683
On the basis of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) theorem, a novel digital audio watermarking scheme is proposed. To guarantee the robustness of a watermark, this scheme embeds information into low-frequency coefficients of audio's discrete wavelet transform. For the modification of low-frequency amplitude, this study uses the KKT theorem to minimise the difference between the original and the watermarked coefficients. Accordingly, embedding strength is increased to enhance the most robustness of a watermarked audio under sufficient embedding capacity and audio quality. In addition, the proposed watermarking scheme can extract the hidden data without the knowledge of original audio signal. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed scheme is mostly better than other amplitude modification methods.
Inspec keywords: discrete wavelet transforms; audio watermarking
Other keywords: Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem; wavelet-domain audio watermarking; amplitude modification; discrete wavelet transform; digital audio watermarking
Subjects: Digital signal processing; Integral transforms; Speech and audio coding; Data security; Integral transforms
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