© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study introduces a new scheme for steganalysis of the least significant bit (LSB) embedding, based on the idea of closure of sets (CoS), which is independent of the type of cover signal, applicable to both spatial and transform domains. The CoS is referred to as some special subsets that could be found in a common space whose elements relate to higher-order statistical properties of the signal. The proposed scheme is used for steganalysis of the LSB steganography of greyscale TIFF and JPEG images and audio signals, employing a set of accurate and monotone features that are extracted based on the CoS definition. It is shown that significant improvement to the detection accuracy in steganalysis is achieved using the proposed scheme, particularly at low embedding rates.
References
-
-
1)
-
A. Ker
.
Steganalysis of LSB matching in grayscale images.
IEEE Signal Process. Lett.
,
6 ,
441 -
444
-
2)
-
S. Dumitrescu ,
X. Wu ,
Z. Wang
.
Detection of LSB steganography via sample pair analysis.
IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
,
7 ,
1995 -
2007
-
3)
-
G. Doerr
.
Image database for steganalysis studies.
-
4)
-
Lu, P., Luo, X., Tang, Q., Shen, L.: `An improved sample pairs method for detection of LSB embedding', Proc. Sixth Information Hiding Workshop, 2004, p. 116–127, (LNCS, 3200).
-
5)
-
M. Liu ,
K. Chiang ,
C. Corbett ,
R. Archibald ,
B. Mukherejee ,
D. Ghosal
.
A novel audio steganalysis based on high order statistics of a distortion measure with hausdorff distance.
Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.
,
487 -
500
-
6)
-
United States Department of Agriculture: ‘Natural resources conservation service photo gallery’, Available at: http://photogallery.nrcs.usda.gov, accessed January 2008.
-
7)
-
X. Zhang ,
W. Zhang ,
S. Wang
.
Efficient double-layered steganographic embedding.
IEE Electron. Lett.
,
8 ,
482 -
483
-
8)
-
Corel Corporation: ‘Corel stock photo library 3’, Ontario, Canada, Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Corel-Stock-Photo-Library-3, accessed January 2008.
-
9)
-
C.J.C. Burges
.
A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition.
Data Min. Knowl. Discov.
,
2 ,
121 -
167
-
10)
-
Westfeld, A., Pfitzmann, A.: `Attacks on steganographic systems', Proc. Third Information Hiding Workshop, September–October 1999, Dresden, Germany, p. 61–75.
-
11)
-
Harmsen, J., Pearlman, W.: `Steganalysis of additive noise modelable information hiding', Proc. SPIE Electronic Imaging, January 2003, Stockholm, Santa Clara, CA, p. 131–142.
-
12)
-
J. Fridrich ,
M. Goljan ,
R. Du
.
Detecting LSB steganography in colour and grayscale images.
IEEE Multimedia
,
4 ,
22 -
28
-
13)
-
Dumitrescu, S., Wu, X., Memon, N.: `On steganalysis of random LSB embedding in continuous-tone images', Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing, September 2002, p. 641–644.
-
14)
-
X. Zhang ,
W. Zhang ,
S. Wang
.
A double layered ‘plus-minus one’ data embedding scheme.
IEEE Signal Process. Lett.
,
11 ,
848 -
851
-
15)
-
T. Aura
.
Practical invisibility in digital communication.
Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.
,
265 -
278
-
16)
-
S. Dumitrescu ,
X. Wu
.
A new framework of LSB steganalysis of digital media.
IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
,
10 ,
3936 -
3947
-
17)
-
N. Provos ,
P. Honeyman
.
Hide and seek: an introduction to steganography.
IEEE Secur. Priv.
,
3 ,
32 -
44
-
18)
-
M.A. Ahmed ,
M.L.M. Kiah ,
B.B. Zidan ,
A.A. Zidan
.
A novel embedding method to increase capacity and robustness of low-bit encoding audio steganography technique using noise gate software logic algorithm.
J. Appl. Sci.
,
1 ,
59 -
64
-
19)
-
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M.: `TPractical steganalysis of digital images – state of the art', Proc. SPIE, Security and Watermarking Multimedia Contents IV, January 2002, San Jose, CA, p. 1–13.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-spr.2010.0048
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-spr.2010.0048
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6