Energy models for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions: a comprehensive review

Efstratios I. Batzelis; Pavlos S. Georgilakis; Stavros A. Papathanassiou

Energy models for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions: a comprehensive review

View Fulltext

Author(s): Efstratios I. Batzelis ¹ ; Pavlos S. Georgilakis ¹ ; Stavros A. Papathanassiou ¹
- Affiliations: 1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, GR 15780, Greece
Source: Volume 9, Issue 4, May 2015, p. 340 – 349
DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0207 , Print ISSN 1752-1416, Online ISSN 1752-1424

Received 16/06/2014, Accepted 25/09/2014, Revised 17/09/2014, Published 21/11/2014

The partial shading phenomenon and its implications on the electrical response and energy yield of photovoltaic (PV) systems have received increased attention in the last years. In order to study, foresee and mitigate such effects, several energy models are proposed in the bibliography, presenting different degrees of complexity, accuracy and applicability. This study presents an overview of the state of the art in the development of models for PV systems under partial shading conditions. Alternative modelling approaches are analysed, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings and models available in the literature are reviewed and classified according to important attributes, related to their accuracy and implementability. Current research trends, as well as topics that warrant further investigation, are identified and discussed.

References

1. 1)
  - 17. Paraskevadaki, E.V., Papathanassiou, S.A.: ‘Estimation of PV array losses due to partial shading’. Proc. 25th EUPVSEC, Valencia, Spain, September 2010, pp. 4560–4564.
2. 2)
  - 43. Batzelis, E.I., Routsolias, I.A., Papathanassiou, S.A.: ‘An explicit PV string model based on the Lambert W function and simplified MPP expressions for operation under partial shading’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2014, 5, (1), pp. 301–312 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2013.2282168).
3. 3)
  - 23. Orozco-Gutierrez, M., Ramirez-Scarpetta, J., Spagnuolo, G., Ramos-Paja, C.: ‘A technique for mismatched PV array simulation’, Renew. Energy, 2013, 55, pp. 417–427 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.01.009).
4. 4)
  - 27. Brecl, K., Topič, M.: ‘Self-shading losses of fixed free-standing PV arrays’, Ren. Energy, 2011, 36, (11), pp. 3211–3216 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.011).
5. 5)
  - 46. Zheng, H., Li, S., Challoo, R., et al: ‘Shading and bypass diode impacts to energy extraction of PV arrays under different converter configurations’, Ren. Energy, 2014, 68, pp. 58–66 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.01.025).
6. 6)
  - S. Silvestre , A. Boronat , A. Chouder . Study of bypass diodes configuration of PV modules. Appl. Energy , 9 , 1632 - 1640
7. 7)
  - 7. Nguyen, D.D., Lehman, B.: ‘Modeling and simulation of solar PV arrays under changing illumination conditions’. Proc. 10th COMPEL, Troy, NY, USA, September 2006, pp. 295–299.
8. 8)
  - 16. Picault, D., Raison, B., Bacha, S., et al: ‘Forecasting photovoltaic array power production subject to mismatch losses’, Sol. Energy, 2010, 84, (7), pp. 1301–1309 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.009).
9. 9)
  - 4. Gautam, N.K., Kaushika, N.D.: ‘An efficient algorithm to simulate the electrical performance of solar photovoltaic arrays’, Energy, 2002, 27, (4), pp. 347–361 (doi: 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00089-5).
10. 10)
  - 13. Nguyen, D.D., Lehman, B., Kamarthi, S.: ‘Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic arrays including shadow effects using neural network’. Proc. ECCE, San Jose, CA, USA, September 2009, pp. 3357–3362.
11. 11)
  - N.D. Kaushika , N.K. Gautam . Energy yield simulations of interconnected solar PV arrays. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. , 1 , 127 - 134
12. 12)
  - 22. Moballegh, S., Jiang, J.: ‘Partial shading modeling of photovoltaic system with experimental validations’. Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, Detroit, MI, USA, July 2011.
13. 13)
  - 24. Ishaque, K., Salam, Z., Syafaruddin, : ‘A comprehensive MATLAB Simulink PV system simulator with partial shading capability based on two-diode model’, Sol. Energy, 2011, 85, (9), pp. 2217–2227 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.008).
14. 14)
  - 33. Ding, K., Bian, X., Liu, H., et al: ‘A MATLAB-simulink-based PV module model and its application under conditions of nonuniform irradiance’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2012, 27, (4), pp. 864–872 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2012.2216529).
15. 15)
  - J.W. Bishop . Computer simulation of the effects of electrical mismatches in photovoltaic cell interconnection circuit. Solar Cells , 73 - 89
16. 16)
  - 23. Dolan, J.A., Lee, R., Yeh, Y.-H., et al: ‘Neural network estimation of photovoltaic I-V curves under partially shaded conditions’. Proc. IJCNN, San Jose, CA, USA, August 2011, pp. 1358–1365.
17. 17)
  - 44. Moballegh, S., Jiang, J.: ‘Modeling, prediction, experimental validations of power peaks of PV arrays under partial shading conditions’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2014, 5, (1), pp. 293–300 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2013.2282077).
18. 18)
  - 15. Thakkar, N., Cormode, D., Lonij, V.P.A., et al: ‘A simple non-linear model for the effect of partial shade on PV systems’. Proc. 35th PVSC, Honolulu, HI, USA, June 2010, pp. 2321–2326.
19. 19)
  - 38. Rodrigo, P., Fernández, E.F., Almonacid, F., et al: ‘A simple accurate model for the calculation of shading power losses in photovoltaic generators’, Sol. Energy, 2013, 93, pp. 322–333 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.04.009).
20. 20)
  - 21. Petrone, G., Ramos-Paja, C.: ‘Modeling of photovoltaic fields in mismatched conditions for energy yield evaluations’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 2011, 81, (4), pp. 1003–1013 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2010.12.008).
21. 21)
  - M.C. Alonso-Garcia , J.M. Ruiz , W. Herrmann . Computer simulation of shading effects in photovoltaic arrays. Renew. Energy , 12 , 1986 - 1993
22. 22)
  - 47. King, D.L., Boyson, W.E., Kratochvil, J.A.: ‘Photovoltaic array performance model’, http://photovoltaics.sandia.gov, 2004.
23. 23)
  - 5. Petrone, G., Spagnuolo, G., Vitelli, M.: ‘Analytical model of mismatched photovoltaic fields by means of Lambert w-function’, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2007, 91, (18), pp. 1652–1657 (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.05.021).
24. 24)
  - 19. Ishaque, K., Salam, Z., Taheri, H., et al: ‘Modeling and simulation of photovoltaic (PV) system during partial shading based on a two-diode model’, Simul. Model Pract. Th., 2011, 19, (7), pp. 1613–1626 (doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2011.04.005).
25. 25)
  - 18. Martínez-Moreno, F., Muñoz, J., Lorenzo, E.: ‘Experimental model to estimate shading losses on PV arrays’, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2010, 94, (12), pp. 2298–2303 (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.07.029).
26. 26)
  - 39. Olalla, C., Clement, D., Maksimovic, D., et al: ‘A cell-level photovoltaic model for high-granularity simulations’. Proc. 15th EPE, Lille, France, September 2013.
27. 27)
  - 20. Jiang, Y., Qahouq, J.A.A., Orabi, M.: ‘Matlab/Pspice hybrid simulation modeling of solar PV cell/module’. Proc. 26th APEC, Fort Worth, TX, USA, March 2011, pp. 1244–1250.
28. 28)
  - 42. Maki, A., Valkealahti, S.: ‘Effect of photovoltaic generator components on the number of MPPs under partial shading conditions’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2013, 28, (4), pp. 1008–1017 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2013.2274280).
29. 29)
  - 35. Seyedmahmoudian, M., Mekhilef, S., Rahmani, R., et al: ‘Analytical modeling of partially shaded photovoltaic systems’, Energies, 2013, 6, (1), pp. 128–144 (doi: 10.3390/en6010128).
30. 30)
  - 28. Liu, G., Nguang, S.K., Partridge, A.: ‘A general modeling method for I-V characteristics of geometrically and electrically configured photovoltaic arrays’, Energ. Convers. Manage., 2011, 52, (12), pp. 3439–3445 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.07.011).
31. 31)
  - 22. Bastidas, J.D., Franco, E., Petrone, G., Ramos-Paja, C.A., Spagnuolo, G.: ‘A model of photovoltaic fields in mismatching conditions featuring an improved calculation speed’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 2013, 96, pp. 81–90 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.10.020).
32. 32)
  - 36. Jung, T.H., Ko, J.W., Kang, G.H., et al: ‘Output characteristics of PV module considering partially reverse biased conditions’, Sol. Energy, 2013, 92, pp. 214–220 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.03.015).
33. 33)
  - 40. Deline, C., Dobos, A., Janzou, S., et al: ‘A simplified model of uniform shading in large photovoltaic arrays’, Sol. Energy, 2013, 96, pp. 274–282 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.07.008).
34. 34)
  - 32. Ramos-Paja, C.A., Bastidas, J.D., Saavedra-Montes, A.J., et al: ‘Mathematical model of total cross-tied photovoltaic arrays in mismatching conditions’. Proc. Fourth CWCAS, Barranquilla, Colombia, November 2012.
35. 35)
  - 31. Moschitta, A., Damiani, A., Carbone, P.: ‘A simple and accurate model for predicting mismatch effects in Photovoltaic Arrays’. Proc. Energycon, Florence, Italy, September 2012, pp. 818–822.
36. 36)
  - 16. M¨aki, A., Valkealahti, S.: ‘Power losses in long string and parallel connected short strings of series-connected silicon-based photovoltaic modules due to partial shading conditions’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2012, 27, (1), pp. 173–183 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2175928).
37. 37)
  - 9. Karatepe, E., Boztepe, M., Çolak, M.: ‘Development of a suitable model for characterizing photovoltaic arrays with shaded solar cells’, Sol. Energy, 2007, 81, (8), pp. 977–992 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2006.12.001).
38. 38)
  - H. Patel , V. Agarwal . MATLAB-based modeling to study the effects of partial shading on PV array characteristics. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. , 1 , 302 - 310
39. 39)
  - 25. Paraskevadaki, E.V., Papathanassiou, S.A.: ‘Evaluation of MPP voltage and power of mc-Si PV modules in partial shading conditions’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2011, 26, (3), pp. 923–932 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2126021).
40. 40)
  - 30. Mäki, A., Valkealahti, S., Leppäaho, J.: ‘Operation of series-connected silicon-based photovoltaic modules under partial shading conditions’, Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl., 2012, 20, (3), pp. 298–309 (doi: 10.1002/pip.1138).
41. 41)
  - 11. Silvestre, S., Chouder, A.: ‘Effects of shadowing on photovoltaic module performance’, Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl., 2008, 16, (2), pp. 141–149 (doi: 10.1002/pip.780).
42. 42)
  - 41. Di Vincenzo, M.C., Infield, D.: ‘Detailed PV array model for non-uniform irradiance and its validation against experimental data’, Sol. Energy, 2013, 97, pp. 314–331 (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.08.030).
43. 43)
  - H. Kawamura , K. Naka , N. Yonekura . Simulation of I–V characteristics of a PV module with shade PV cells. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells , 613 - 621
44. 44)
  - 26. Wang, Y.-J., Lin, S.-S.: ‘Analysis of a partially shaded PV array considering different module connection schemes and effects of bypass diodes’. Proc. ICUE, Pattaya City, Thailand, September 2011.
45. 45)
  - 3. Quaschning, V., Hanitsch, R.: ‘Numerical simulation of current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic systems with shaded solar cells’, Sol. Energy, 1996, 56, (6), pp. 513–520 (doi: 10.1016/0038-092X(96)00006-0).
46. 46)
  - 3. Kovach, A., Schmid, J.: ‘Determination of energy output losses due to shading of building-integrated photovoltaic arrays using a raytracing technique’, Sol. Energy, 1996, 57, (2), pp. 117–124 (doi: 10.1016/S0038-092X(96)00066-7).
47. 47)
  - 45. Qi, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y.: ‘Modeling and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for PV array under partial shade conditions’, Ren. Energy, 2014, 66, pp. 337–345 (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.018).

Login

Not registered yet?

Share

Tools

Login to add to favourites

Key

Energy models for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions: a comprehensive review

References

Related content