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access icon free Voltage and power control used to stabilise the distributed generation system for stand-alone or grid-connected operation

  • Author(s): Amilcar Flamarion Querubini Gonçalves 1 ; Cassius R. Aguiar 2 ; Renan F. Bastos 3 ; Giovani G. Pozzebon 4 ; Ricardo Q. Machado 5
    • View affiliations
    • Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Medianeira – PR 85884-000, Brazil ;
      2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Toledo, PR 85902-490, Brazil ;
      3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, João Monlevade, MG, Brazil ;
      4: Technological Center of Alegrete, Federal University of Pampa, Alegrete, RS, Brazil ;
      5: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
  • Source: Volume 9, Issue 3, 09 March 2016, p. 491 – 501
    DOI:  10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0071 , Print ISSN 1755-4535, Online ISSN 1755-4543
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 27/01/2015, Accepted 22/07/2015, Revised 16/06/2015, Published 09/03/2016

This study presents a control strategy for managing power delivered to, or absorbed from, the grid, independent of local load or grid characteristics. To achieve this objective, the strategy requires the use of three levels of control structures. The first is related to phase-locked loop and grid-tie algorithms, which are employed to minimise disturbances during the grid connection. The second, which produces voltages with reduced harmonics levels at the distributed generation (DG) terminals, comprises the cascade voltage and current control. The third structure is the active and reactive power control mechanisms, which uses the angle of displacement and the adjusting of the DG voltage amplitude to keep the power flow through the grid at a specific set-point, independent of local load characteristics. In addition, the power control structures have to operate in a decoupled operation mode, whereby the active power control has to be faster than the reactive power control, or vice versa. In terms of their physical structure, a passive LCL filter is used to connect the voltage source inverter to the grid. To verify the findings and observations discussed in this study, a set of simulations and experimental results are presented.

Inspec keywords: power system harmonics; power distribution control; distributed power generation; phase locked loops; voltage control; power grids; power harmonic filters; reactive power control; electric current control; load management

Other keywords: power management; phase-locked loop algorithm; voltage source inverter; disturbance minimisation; power flow; passive LCL filter; active power control mechanism; grid-tie algorithm; grid-connected operation; decoupled operation mode; harmonics level reduction; local grid characteristics; stand-alone operation; cascade current control; distributed generation terminals; reactive power control mechanism; cascade voltage control; local load characteristics; distributed generation system stabilisation

Subjects: Modulators, demodulators, discriminators and mixers; Control of electric power systems; Distributed power generation; Current control; Power system management, operation and economics; Distribution networks; Power supply quality and harmonics; Other power apparatus and electric machines; Power and energy control; Voltage control

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