© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
A technique is developed for ad hoc on-demand routing protocol. The protocol is based on the conventional on-demand ad hoc routing protocols with the addition of power model. The algorithm design and development is aimed to incorporate the transmitted power consumption function in such a manner that mobile nodes are able to evaluate their power status to decide if they are fit for packet forwarding and reception. This is illustrated through analytical approach supported by computer simulations over mobile ad hoc wireless network containing 80 mobile nodes. The results showed that power savings of 50% were achieved with no delay in the network and increased throughput performance by 60%, as compared to a network with conventional ad hoc on-demand distance vector and dynamic source routing protocols.
References
-
-
1)
-
23. Raju, S.R., Mungara, J.: ‘Performance evaluation of ZRP over AODV and DSR in mobile ad hoc networks using qualnet’, Eur. J. Sci. Res., 2010, 45, pp. 658–674.
-
2)
-
27. Kumar, B.R.A., Reddy, L.C., Hiremath, P.S.: ‘Performance comparison of wireless mobile ad hoc network routing protocols’, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur., 2008, 8, (1), pp. 337–343.
-
3)
-
S. Doshi ,
S. Bhandare ,
T.X. Brown
.
An on-demand minimum energy routing protocol for a wireless ad hoc network.
ACM Mob. Comp. Commun. Rev.
,
3 ,
50 -
66
-
4)
-
M. Hata
.
Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio services.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
3 ,
317 -
325
-
5)
-
6)
-
10. Liu, F.W., Zhang, Y., Fang, Y.: ‘Conserve energy through multiple-packets transmission in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks’. IEEE Military Communications Conf. 2005. MILCOM 2005, Atlantic City, NJ, October 2005, vol. 3, pp. 1516–1522.
-
7)
-
19. Stemm, M., Gauthier, P., Harada, D.: ‘Reducing power consumption of network interface in hand-held devices’. Third Int. Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications, September 1996, pp. 25–27.
-
8)
-
18. Bello, L., Bakalis, P., Rapajic, P., Anang, K.A., Eneh, T.I.: ‘Adaptive receiver power routing protocol for mobile ad hoc wireless network’, J. Commun., 2011, 6, (7), pp. 571–580 (doi: 10.4304/jcm.6.7.571-580).
-
9)
-
17. Fong-Hao, L., Sheng-Chien, J., Hsiang-Fu, L., Wei-Tsong, L., Jen-Chi, L.: ‘Energy-efficient ant-colony-based routing algorithm for the MANETs’, J. Internet Technol., 2013, 14, (1), pp. 21–30.
-
10)
-
2. Singh, S., Woo, M., Raghavendra, C.S.: ‘Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks’. Proc. Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Dallas, 1998, pp. 181–190.
-
11)
-
5. Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A., Broch, J.: ‘The dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks’. Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, Ad hoc Networking,2001.
-
12)
-
28. Broch, J., Maltz, D.A., Johnson, D.B., Hu, Y.-C., Jetcheva, J.: ‘A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols’. MobiCom'98, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.
-
13)
-
30. Neŝković, A., Neŝković, N., Paunocć, D.: ‘Macrocell electric field strength prediction model based upon artificial neural networks’, IEEE J. Sel. Areas. Commun., 2002, 20, (6), pp. 1170–1176 (doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2002.801217).
-
14)
-
35. Nisirat, M.A., Ismail, M., Nissirat, L., Al-Khawaldeh, S.: ‘A terrain roughness correction factor for Hata path loss model at 900 MHz’, Progr. Electromagn. Res., 2011, 22, pp. 11–22 (doi: 10.2528/PIERC11041402).
-
15)
-
24. Basagni, S., Conti, M., Giordano, S., Stojmenovic, I.: ‘Mobile ad hoc networking’ (IEEE Press, 2004).
-
16)
-
15. Conti, M., Gregori, E., Maselli, G.: ‘Cooperation issues in mobile ad hoc networks’. Proc. 24th Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW ‘09), 2009, vol. 7, pp. 803–808.
-
17)
-
13. Marti, S., Giuli, T.J., Baker, M.: ‘Mitigating routing misbehaviour in mobile ad hoc networks’. Proc. Sixth Annual Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ‘00), Boston, MA, USA, August 2000, pp. 255–265.
-
18)
-
4. Li, X.Y., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Chu, X., Wu, Y., Qi, Y.: ‘Reliable and energy-efficient routing for static wireless ad hoc networks with unreliable links’, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., 2009, 10, (20), pp. 1408–1421.
-
19)
-
V. Erceg ,
L. Greenstein ,
S. Tjandra
.
An empirically based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environments.
IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.
,
7 ,
1205 -
1211
-
20)
-
29. Rahman, M.A., Islam, M.S., Talevski, A.: ‘Performance measurement of various routing protocols in ad hoc network’. Proc. Int. Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientist, Hong Kong, 2009, vol. I.
-
21)
-
37. Zanca, G., Zorzi, F., Zanella, A., Zorzi, M.: ‘Experimental comparison of RSSI-based localization algorithms for indoor wireless sensor networks’. Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks (RealWSN'08), Glasgow, UK, April 2008.
-
22)
-
21. Tan, C.-W., Bose, S.K.: ‘Modifying AODV for efficient power-aware routing in MANETs’, ‘’, November 2005, pp. 1–6.
-
23)
-
20. Rishiwal, V., Yadav, M., Verma, S., Bajapai, S.: ‘Power aware routing in ad hoc wireless networks’, J. Comput. Sci. Technol., 2009, 9, (2), pp. 101–109.
-
24)
-
7. Cano, J., Manzoni, P.: ‘A low power protocol to broadcast real-time data traffic in a clustered ad hoc network’, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. (GLOBECOM’01), 2001, 5, pp. 2916–2920.
-
25)
-
8. Derek, J.C., David, E.: ‘A partitioned power and location aware MAC protocol for mobile ad hoc networks’. IEEE European Wireless, Nicosia, Cyprus, April 2005, pp. 1–7.
-
26)
-
9. Hsu, H.-Y., Hurson, R.A.: ‘PEAN: a probabilistic energy aware neighbor monitoring protocol for mobile ad hoc networks’, , May 2007, pp. 201–206.
-
27)
-
36. Goldsmith, A.: ‘Wireless communication’ (Cambridge University, New York, NY, 2005), pp. 31–35.
-
28)
-
12. Anderegg, L., Eidenbenz, S.: ‘Ad hoc-VCG: A truthful and cost-efficient routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks with selfish agents’. Proc. Ninth Annual Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom ‘03), San Diego, California, USA, September 2003, pp. 245–259.
-
29)
-
14. Nie, J., Zhou, Z.: ‘An energy based power-aware routing protocol in ad hoc networks’. Proc. Int. Symp. on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT ‘04), Sapporo, Japan, October 2004, vol. 1, pp. 280–285.
-
30)
-
25. Yang, S.Z., Qi, B., He, J.: ‘Simulation comparison of four wireless ad hoc routing protocols’, Inf. Technol. J., 2004, 3, (3), pp. 219–226 (doi: 10.3923/itj.2004.219.226).
-
31)
-
6. Ramachandran, B., Shanmugavel, S.: ‘Received signal strength-based cross-layer designs for mobile ad hoc networks’, IETE Tech. Rev., 2008, 25, (4), pp. 192–200 (doi: 10.4103/0256-4602.42811).
-
32)
-
22. Xu, Y., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: ‘Adaptive energy conserving routing for multihop ad hoc networks’, , October 2000, pp. 1–14.
-
33)
-
26. Qasim, N., Said, F., Aghvami, H.: ‘Mobile ad hoc networking protocols evaluation through simulation for quality of service’, Int. J. Comput. Sci., 2009, 36, (1), pp. 1–9.
-
34)
-
J. Walfisch ,
H.L. Bertoni
.
A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urban environment.
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
,
12 ,
1788 -
1796
-
35)
-
11. Zabian, A.: ‘Power management mechanism for routing in ad-hoc wireless networks’. Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication Int. Conf. MCWC, Amman, September 2006, pp. 44–49.
-
36)
-
Y.-S. Yen ,
H.-C. Chao ,
R.-S. Chang ,
A. Vasilakos
.
Flooding-limited and multi-constrained QoS multicast routing based on the genetic algorithm for MANETs.
Math. Comput. Model.
,
2238 -
2250
-
37)
-
1. Yuvaraju, B.N., Mohit, T., Niranjan, N.C.: ‘Enhancing the performance of MANETs by monitoring the energy consumption and use of mobile relays’. Proc. IEEE Int. Association of Computer Science and Information Technology – Spring Conference, Singapore, April 2009, pp. 85–89.
-
38)
-
31. Okumura, Y., Ohmori, E., Kawano, T., Fukua, K.: ‘Field strength and its variability in UHF and VHF land-mobile radio service’, Rev. Electr. Commun. Lab., 1968, 16, (9), pp. 1205–1211.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-net.2012.0115
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-net.2012.0115
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6