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access icon free Biogenic synthesis, characterisation and antifungal activity of gum kondagogu-silver nano bio composite construct: assessment of its mode of action

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 12/02/2017, Accepted 26/05/2017, Revised 11/05/2017, Published 16/06/2017

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by using gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium), a natural biopolymer (Gk-AgNPs). Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by using UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope techniques. The silver nano particle size determined was found to be 3.6 ± 2.2 nm. The synthesised Gk-AgNPs showed antifungal activity and exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration values ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 µg mL−1 against Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL-2999) and Aspergillus flavus (NRRL-6513). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed morphological changes including deformation, shrunken and ruptured mycelium of the fungi. At the biochemical level, the mode of action revealed that there was an elevated level of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activity. Increased oxidative stress led to increased outer membrane damage, which was confirmed by the entry of N-phenyl naphthylamine to the phospholipid layer of outer membrane and higher levels of K+ release from the fungi treated with Gk-AgNPs. This study explores the possible application of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced from gum kondagogu as potent antifungal agents. The potent antifungal activity of Gk-AgNPs gives scope for its relevance in biomedical application and as a seed dressing material.

Inspec keywords: X-ray diffraction; enzymes; biomechanics; silver; X-ray chemical analysis; nanomedicine; nanofabrication; polymers; antibacterial activity; nanoparticles; biomembranes; biomedical materials; lipid bilayers; nanocomposites; atomic emission spectroscopy; visible spectra; ultraviolet spectra; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; microorganisms

Other keywords: antifungal activity; inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer; phospholipid layer; biogenic silver nanoparticle; membrane damage; potassium ion release; UV-visible spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Ag; gum kondagogu-silver nanobiocomposite; fungi deformation; transmission electron microscope; antifungal agent; superoxide dismutase; catalase enzyme activity; fungicidal concentration; scanning electron microscopy; seed dressing material; Aspergillus flavus; N-phenyl naphthylamine; natural biopolymer; oxidative stress; Cochlospermum gossypium; Aspergillus parasiticus; reactive oxygen species; SEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy; ruptured mycelium; lipid peroxidation

Subjects: Natural and artificial biomembranes; Physics of subcellular structures; Biomedical materials; Molecular biophysics; Nanotechnology applications in biomedicine; Biomechanics, biorheology, biological fluid dynamics; Structure of solid clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanostructured materials; Structure of polymers, elastomers, and plastics

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