access icon free Inexpensive approach for production of high-surface-area silica nanoparticles from rice hulls biomass

In this study, we prepared amorphous and crystalline silica nanoparticles from rice hulls biomass using pyrolysis technique at different processing temperatures such as 923, 973, 1023, 1073, 1123 and 1173 K. X-ray fluorescence studies show that the purity of all the synthesised silica nanoparticles is in the range of 98–99.7%. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that amorphous silica nanoparticles are formed at 923–1023 K, whereas crystalline particles at 1073–1173 K. Morphology and microstructure of silica nanoparticles are studied by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. Silica nanoparticles obtained at different processing temperatures yield particle size in the range of 6–100 nm. Chemical composition and surface functionalities of the particles are examined by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies. The developed method effectively uses rice hulls biomass as a green natural source in the synthesis of amorphous and crystalline silica nanoparticles with high-specific surface area. The optimised processing temperature (1023 K) enables amorphous silica nanoparticles to have high-specific surface area of 538 m2g−1.

Inspec keywords: pyrolysis; nanofabrication; X-ray chemical analysis; X-ray fluorescence analysis; scanning electron microscopy; renewable materials; silicon compounds; nanobiotechnology; nanoparticles; Fourier transform spectra; infrared spectra; X-ray diffraction; amorphous state; transmission electron microscopy; particle size; crystal microstructure

Other keywords: X-ray fluorescence; nanoparticle purity; morphology; pyrolysis technique; crystalline silica nanoparticles; optimised processing temperature; green natural source; temperature 923 K to 1173 K; particle size; X-ray diffraction; microstructure; size 6 nm to 100 nm; chemical composition; scanning electron microscope; high-surface-area silica nanoparticle production; transmission electron microscope; surface functionalities; SiO2; amorphous nanoparticles; energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; rice hulls biomass

Subjects: Structure of solid clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanostructured materials; Infrared and Raman spectra in inorganic crystals; Optical properties of amorphous and glassy semiconductors and insulators (thin films, low-dimensional and nanoscale structures); Structure of amorphous, disordered and polymeric materials; Low-dimensional structures: growth, structure and nonelectronic properties; Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and group ejection); Electromagnetic radiation spectrometry (chemical analysis); Optical properties of other inorganic semiconductors and insulators (thin films, low-dimensional and nanoscale structures); Methods of nanofabrication and processing; Microstructure

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