Evaluation of the CO2 emissions pathway from hydrogen production to fuel cell car utilisation
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are perceived to be an intelligent transport choice for reducing emissions and are subject to considerable research and development as well as government incentives to accelerate deployment. However, though FCEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions they could, depending on the methods used to generate and distribute hydrogen, be more or less environmentally friendly than EVs or other alternatives. In this study, the authors review state-of-the-art FC technologies and identify the less polluting options. The environmental impact of FCEVs, pure battery EVs and internal combustion engine cars are then modelled, compared and forecast to 2050 under various scenarios. Finally, recommendations are made supporting solutions offering the most environmentally friendly way forward.