We analyse the characteristics of early adopters of two intelligent vehicle safety systems, emergency braking and speed alert. Car users’ experiences with the two systems and the characteristics of early adopters of the systems were studied with an online survey organised in five European countries: Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. All of the studied variables related to the user – gender, age, kilometres driven annually and monthly household income – had a statistically significant relationship with using emergency braking. Gender, kilometres driven annually and monthly household income had a statistically significant relationship with using speed alert. For both systems, male drivers were more likely to be the first users of the systems. In general, the share of users having experienced the systems also increased with annual kilometrage and monthly household income. Younger, 18- to 44-year-old drivers were found more likely to have used emergency braking than older, 65- to 74-year-old drivers. The results, however, suggest that respondents’ annual kilometrage and monthly household income may be more strongly associated with using the systems than with age.

References

1. 1)
  - 27. Borowsky, A., Shinar, D., Oron-Gilad, T.: ‘Age, skill and hazard perception in driving’, Accid. Anal. Prev., 2010, 42, (4), pp. 1240–1249.
2. 2)
  - 19. Rogers, E.M.: ‘Diffusion of innovations’ (The Free Press, 1983, 3rd edn.).
3. 3)
  - 15. Barker, P.: ‘The ultimate guide to using HERE for Android and iOS in your car’, HERE 360, the official HERE blog, http://360.here.com/2015/04/20/ultimate-guide-using-android-ios-car/, accessed 28 March 2016.
4. 4)
  - 2. Öörni, R.: ‘D3.1a – report on the deployment status of iMobility Priority systems’, Deliverable D3.1a of iMobility Support, http://www.imobilitysupport.eu/library/imobility-support-activities/its-deployment-deliverables/monitoring-priority-systems/deliverables-3/2406-d3-1a-report-on-the-deployment-status-of-imobility-priority-systems/file, accessed 8 November 2014.
5. 5)
  - 13. Fildes, B., Keall, M., Bos, N., et al: ‘Effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking in real-world rear-end crashes’, Accid. Anal. Prev., 2015, 81, pp. 24–29.
6. 6)
  - 14. Wilmink, I., Janssen, W., Jonkers, E., et al: ‘Impact assessment of intelligent vehicle safety systems’, eIMPACT Deliverable D4, http://www.eimpact.info/download/eIMPACT_D4_v2.0.pdf, accessed 8 November 2014.
7. 7)
  - 1. Vollmer, D., Baum, H., Fausten, M., et al: ‘Stand alone and co-operative intelligent vehicle safety systems – inventory and recommendations for in-depth socio-economic impact assessment’, eIMPACT Deliverable D2, http://www.eimpact.info/download/eIMPACT_Deliverable_D2_V10_060424.pdf, accessed 8 November 2014.
8. 8)
  - 11. Speed Alert, http://www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-rewards-explained/speed-alert/, accessed 30 March 2015.
9. 9)
  - 22. Lai, F., Carsten, O.: ‘What benefit does intelligent speed adaptation deliver: a close examination of its effect on vehicle speeds’, Accid. Anal. Prev., 2012, 48, pp. 4–9.
10. 10)
  - 28. iMobility Challenge web site, http://www.imobilitychallenge.eu, accessed 9 November 2014.
11. 11)
  - 21. Vlassenroot, S., Brookhuis, K., Marchau, V., et al: ‘Towards defining a unified concept for the acceptability of intelligent transport systems (ITS): a conceptual analysis based on the case of intelligent speed adaptation (ISA)’, Transp. Res. F, 2010, 13, (3), pp. 164–178.
12. 12)
  - 23. Young, K.L., Regan, M.A., Triggs, T.J., et al: ‘Intelligent speed adaptation – effects and acceptance by young inexperienced drivers’, Accid. Anal. Prev., 2010, 42, (3), pp. 935–943.
13. 13)
  - 8. Shin, H.-S., Callow, M., Dadvar, S., et al: ‘User acceptance and willingness to pay for connected vehicle technologies, adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis’, Transp. Res. Rec., 2015, 2531, pp. 54–62.
14. 14)
  - 12. EuroNCAP: ‘Autonomous emergency braking’, http://www.euroncap.com/rewards/technologies/brake.aspx, accessed 9 November 2014.
15. 15)
  - 20. Vlassenroot, S., Molin, E., Kavadias, D., et al: ‘What drives the Acceptability of Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA)?’, Eur. J. Transp. Infrastruct. Res., 2011, 11, (2), pp. 256–273.
16. 16)
  - 26. Piao, J., McDonald, M., Henry, A., et al: ‘An assessment of user acceptance of intelligent speed adaptation systems’. Proc. of the 8th Int. IEEE Conf. on Intelligent Transportation Systems Vienna, Austria, September 13–16, 2005.
17. 17)
  - 3. Kulmala, R., Öörni, R.: ‘Implementation road map’, Deliverable D3.1 of iCar Support (ERTICO – ITS Europe, 2012), http://www.imobilitysupport.eu/library/imobility-support-activities/its-deployment-deliverables/monitoring-priority-systems/reports-12/2206-d3-1-implementation-road-map-m36/file, accessed 30 March 2015.
18. 18)
  - 25. Sheskin, D.J.: ‘Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures’ (CRC Press, 2011, 5th edn.).
19. 19)
  - 29. iMobility Support web site, http://www.imobilitysupport.eu.
20. 20)
  - 18. Ford Motor Company Mediacenter: ‘All-new ford S-MAX first to offer intelligent speed limiter amid range of smart innovations, available to order now’ (Ford Motor Company Mediacenter, 2015) https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/feu/en/news/2015/03/23/all-new-ford-s-max-first-to-offer-intelligent-speed-limiter-amid.pdf, accessed 28 March 2016.
21. 21)
  - 10. Walta, L.: ‘Getting ADAS on the road, actors’ interactions in advanced driver assistance systems deployment’. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2011.
22. 22)
  - 5. FSD GmbH: ‘iCar – implementation status survey by use of OEM data 2012 Deployment state in EU member states’. WP5 Final Report, FSD GmbH, 2012, http://www.imobilitysupport.eu/library/imobility-support-activities/its-deployment-deliverables/monitoring-priority-systems/reports-12/2209-fsd-2011-part-1/file, accessed 8 November 2014.
23. 23)
  - 7. Malin, F.: ‘Users’ awareness and demand for advanced driver support systems’ (Aalto University, School of Engineering, 2015).
24. 24)
  - 16. Garmin Ltd: ‘Does Garmin have any automotive GPS devices that alert you when you are going over the speed limit?’ (Garmin Ltd, 2016), http://support.garmin.com/support/searchSupport/case.faces?caseId={e46adad0-d3ab-11de-6566-000000000000}, accessed 28 March 2016.
25. 25)
  - 24. Penttinen, M., Öörni, R.: ‘Study on users’ awareness and demand for iMobility technologies’, Deliverable D2.3 of iMobility Challenge project, http://www.imobilitychallenge.eu/files/studies/iMobility_Challenge_D2.3__User_Awareness_and_Demand_for_iMobility_systems_version_1.0.pdf, accessed 3 March 2015.
26. 26)
  - 17. Volvo Car UK Ltd: ‘Road sign information (RSI) – operation’ (Volvo Car UK Ltd, 2015), http://support.volvocars.com/uk/cars/pages/owners-manual.aspx?mc=Y555&my=2015&sw=14w46&article=619cbc403a02946ac0a801e801e6988d, accessed 28 March 2016.
27. 27)
  - 9. Öörni, R.: ‘Demand for intelligent vehicle safety systems in Europe’, IET Intell. Transp. Syst., 2015, 9, (10), pp. 916–923.
28. 28)
  - 4. FSD GmbH: ‘iCar – implementation status survey by use of OEM data 2012 Deployment state in EU member states’. Final report, FSD GmbH, 2012, http://www.imobilitysupport.eu/library/imobility-support-activities/its-deployment-deliverables/monitoring-priority-systems/reports-12/2208-fsd-2010-part-1/file, accessed 8 November 2014.
29. 29)
  - 6. Planing, P.: ‘Innovation acceptance, the case of advanced driver-assistance systems’. PhD thesis, Leeds Metropolitan University, 2013.

Early adopters of emergency braking and speed alert

References

Related content