A questionnaire study was conducted that probed driver safety-related attitudes towards driver assistance systems (DAS). 211 drivers participated in the questionnaire survey. The participant DAS experience ranged from almost none to a high level of experience. Drivers were asked about their risk-related safety-related attitudes towards 29 different systems that are currently available on the market. Potential influencing variables that were expected to affect driver safety-related attitudes towards DAS – gender, age, level of driver sensation seeking and driver DAS use experience – were considered: results show that, in terms of safety, there is great variation in how drivers evaluate the 29 systems. Consequently, systems functionality and the time when the system was launched are discussed. No general effects were found for gender and level of sensation seeking on safety-related attitudes towards DAS. Driver age correlated positively with indirect safety-related attitudes towards 26 of the 29 systems. Controlling the variable ‘DAS use experience’, 22 relations between age and attitudes towards DAS were found. Results reveal that the more experience drivers have in using DAS, the higher they judge DAS in terms of safety. On the basis of the study results, research issues for future research on traffic safety related to DAS were identified.

References

1. 1)
  - 10. Katteler, H.: ‘Driver acceptance of mandatory intelligent speed adaptation’, EJTIR, 2005, 5, (4), pp. 317–336.
2. 2)
  - 24. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G.: ‘Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? gender, social influence and their role in technology acceptance and usage behaviour’, MIS Quarterly, 2000, 24, (1), pp. 115–139 (doi: 10.2307/3250981).
3. 3)
  - 30. Heino, A., van der Molen, H.H., Wilde, G.J.S.: ‘Differences in risk experience between sensation avoiders and sensation seekers’, Pers. Indiv. Differ, 1996, 20, pp. 71–79 (doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00152-V).
4. 4)
  - 26. Yagil, D.: ‘Gender and age-related differences in attitudes toward traffic laws and traffic violations’, Transp. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav., 1998, 1, pp. 123–135 (doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(98)00010-2).
5. 5)
  - 33. SWOV, 2012. SWOV Fact sheet: Subjective safety in traffic, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research 2012, www.swov.nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Subjective_safety.pdf, assessedJanuary 2015.
6. 6)
  - 34. Rasch, B., Friese, M., Hofmann, J., Naumann, E.: ‘Quantitative Methoden 2. Einführung in die Statistik für Psychologen und Sozialwissenschaftler’ (Springer, 2004, 2nd edn., 2006).
7. 7)
  - 35. Jonas, K., Stroebe, W., Hewstone, M.R.C.: ‘Sozialpsychologie’ (Springer, Berlin, 2007, 5th edn.).
8. 8)
  - 6. Marell, A., Westin, A.: ‘Intelligent transportation system and traffic safety – drivers perception and acceptance of electronic speed checkers’, Transp. Res. C: Emerging Technol., 1999, 7, (2–3), pp. 131–147 (doi: 10.1016/S0968-090X(99)00016-9).
9. 9)
  - 32. Bekhor, S., Albert, G.: ‘Accounting for sensation seeking in route choice behaviour with travel time information’, Transp. Res. F, 2014, 22, pp. 39–49 (doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2013.10.009).
10. 10)
  - 50. Rudin-Brown, C.M., Parker, H.A.: ‘Behavioural adaptation to adaptive cruise control (ACC): implications for preventive strategies’, Transp. Res. F, 2004, 7, (2), pp. 59–76 (doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2004.02.001).
11. 11)
  - 3. Eskandarian, A.: ‘Handbook of intelligent vehicles’ (Springer, London, 2012).
12. 12)
  - 8. Marchau, V., Wiethoff, M., Penttinen, M., et al: ‘Stated preferences of European drivers regarding advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)’, EJTIR, 2001, 1, (3), pp. 291–308.
13. 13)
  - 31. Whissell, R.W., Bigelow, B.J.: ‘The speeding attitude scale and the role of sensation seeking in profiling young drivers at risk’, Risk Anal., 2003, 23, (4), pp. 811–820 (doi: 10.1111/1539-6924.00358).
14. 14)
  - 15. Buld, S., Krüger, H.-P.: ‘Die Auswirkung von Teilautomation auf das Fahrverhalten’, in Grandt, M. (Ed.): ‘Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Fahrzeug- und Prozessführung’ (DGLR-Bericht, 2003-04), DGLR, vol. 2, pp. 241–253.
15. 15)
  - 1. Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M.: ‘The influence of safety-related attitudes on behavior’, in Albarracín, D., Johnson, B.T., Zanna, M.P. (Eds.): ‘The handbook of safety-related attitudes’ (Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum, 2005), pp. 173–221.
16. 16)
  - 14. Adell, E.: ‘Driver experience and acceptance of driver support systems – a case of speed adaptation’. Doctoral theses, Department of Technology and Society, Traffic and Road Safety, Lund Institute of Technology, 2009.
17. 17)
  - 28. Arnett, J.: ‘Drunk driving, sensation, and egocentrism among adolescents’, Pers. Indiv. Diff., 1990, 11, (6), pp. 541–546 (doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(90)90035-P).
18. 18)
  - 12. Jamson, H.A., Lai, F.C.H., Carsten, O.M.J.: ‘Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system’, Transp. Res. C., 2007, 16, (4), pp. 471–484 (doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2007.09.003).
19. 19)
  - 27. Hoyle, R.H., Stephenson, M.T., Palmgreen, P., et al: ‘Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking’, Pers. Indiv. Differ, 2002, 32, pp. 401–414 (doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00032-0).
20. 20)
  - 17. Popken, A.: ‘Drivers’ reliance on lane keeping assistance systems as a function of the level of assistance’. PhD thesis, Chemnitz University of Technology, 2009.
21. 21)
  - 18. Vadeby, A., Wiklund, M., Forward, S.: ‘Car drivers’ perceptions of electronic stability control (ESC) systems’, Accident Anal. Prev., 2011, 43, pp. 706–713 (doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.015).
22. 22)
  - 29. Jonah, B.A.: ‘Sensation seeking and risky driving: A review and synthesis of the literature’, Accident Anal Prev, 1997, 29, pp. 651–665 (doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00017-1).
23. 23)
  - 4. Brookhuis, K.A., de Waard, D., Janssen, W.H.: ‘Behavioral impact of advanced driver assistance systems – an overview’, EJTIR, 2001, 1, (3), pp. 245–253.
24. 24)
  - 23. Höltl, A., Trommer, S.: ‘Driver assistance systems for transport system efficiency: Influencing factors on user acceptance’, J. Intell. Transp. Syst. Technol. Plan. Oper., 2013, 17, (3), pp. 245–254, 2013 Special Issue: Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications for the Environment and Energy Conservation (Part 2) (doi: 10.1080/15472450.2012.716646).
25. 25)
  - 20. Miller, W.R.: ‘Enhancing motivation for change in substance abuse treatment’ (Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US), Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) 1999).
26. 26)
  - 16. Brouwer, R.F.T., Hoedemaeker, D.M.: ‘On-road study on short-term effects of ADAS on driving behaviour’ (AIDE Deliverable D1.2.3, 2006), pp. 74–96.
27. 27)
  - 2. Ghazizadeh, M., Lee, J.D., Boyle, L.N.: ‘Extending the technology acceptance model to assess automation’, Cogn. Technol. Work, 2012, 14, (1), pp. 39–49 (doi: 10.1007/s10111-011-0194-3).
28. 28)
  - 22. Adell, E., Várhelyi, A.: ‘Driver comprehension and acceptance of the Active Accelerator Pedal after long-term use’, Transp. Res. F: Traffic Psychol. Behav., 2008, 11, (1), pp. 37–51 (doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2007.05.006).
29. 29)
  - 25. Broos, A.: ‘Gender and information and communication technologies (ICT) anxiety: Male self-assurance and female hesitation’, CyberPsychol. Behav., 2005, 8, (1), pp. 21–31, (doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.21).
30. 30)
  - 19. POEL TEC. Auto Technik Lexikon – Technik und Treibstoffe Antiblockiersystem, http://www.poel-tec.com/lexikon/antiblockiersystem.php, accessedJuly 2013.
31. 31)
  - 9. Päätalo, M., Peltola, H., Kallio, M.: ‘Intelligent speed adaptation – effects on driving behaviour’. Proc. of Traffic Safety on three continents Conf., Moscow, 19–21 September 2001, pp. 772–783.
32. 32)
  - 13. Wallen Warner, H., Aberg, L.: ‘The long-term effects of an ISA speed-warning device on drivers’ speeding behaviour’, Transp. Res. F-Traf., 2008, 11, (2), pp. 96–107 (doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2007.08.002).
33. 33)
  - 11. Rajaonah, B., Tricot, N., Anceaux, F., Millot, P.: ‘Role of intervening variables in driver-ACC cooperation’, Int. J. Hum-Comp. St., 2008, 66, pp. 185–197 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.09.002).
34. 34)
  - 7. Molin, E.J.E., Marchau, V.A.W.J.: ‘User perceptions and preferences of advanced driver assistance systems’, Transp. Res. Rec., 2004, 1886, (1), pp. 119–125 (doi: 10.3141/1886-15).
35. 35)
  - 5. Regan, M.A., Mitsopoulos, E., Haworth, N., Young, K.: ‘Acceptability of in-vehicle intelligent transport systems to Victorian car drivers’ (Monash University accident research centre, 2002).

Role of driver assistance experience, system functionality, gender, age and sensation seeking in attitudes towards the safety of driver assistance systems

References

Related content