Your browser does not support JavaScript!
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com
1887

access icon free Digital image watermarking method based on DCT and fractal encoding

With the rapid development of computer science, problems with digital products piracy and copyright dispute become more serious; therefore, it is an urgent task to find solutions for these problems. In this study, the authors’ develop a digital watermarking algorithm based on a fractal encoding method and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The proposed method combines fractal encoding method and DCT method for double encryptions to improve traditional DCT method. The image is encoded by fractal encoding as the first encryption, and then encoded parameters are used in DCT method as the second encryption. First, the fractal encoding method is adopted to encode a private image with private scales. Encoding parameters are applied as digital watermarking. Then, digital watermarking is added to the original image to reversibly using DCT, which means the authors can extract the private image from the carrier image with private encoding scales. Finally, attacking experiments are carried out on the carrier image by using several attacking methods. Experimental results show that the presented method has higher performance characteristics such as robustness and peak signal to noise ratio than classical methods.

References

    1. 1)
      • 28. Paunwala, M., Patnaik, S.: ‘Biometric template protection with DCT-based watermarking’, Mach. Vis. Appl., 2014, 25, (1), pp. 263275.
    2. 2)
      • 35. Dong, L., Yan, Q., Lv, Y., et al: ‘Full band watermarking in DCT domain with Weibull model’, Multimedia Tools Appl., 2017, 76, (2), pp. 19832000.
    3. 3)
      • 14. Briassouli, A., Tsakalides, P., Stouraitis, A.: ‘Hidden messages in heavy-tails: DCT-domain watermark detection using alpha-stable models’, IEEE Trans. Multimed., 2005, 7, (4), pp. 700715.
    4. 4)
      • 22. Phadikar, A., Maity, S.P., Verma, B.: ‘Region based QIM digital watermarking scheme for image database in DCT domain’, Comput. Electr. Eng., 2011, 37, (3), pp. 339355.
    5. 5)
      • 2. Cox, I., Miller, M., Bloom, J.: ‘Digital watermarking: principles & practice’ (Morgan Kaufmann (Elsevier), New York, 2001).
    6. 6)
      • 20. Lin, S.D., Shie, S.C., Guo, J.Y.: ‘Improving the robustness of DCT-based image watermarking against JPEG compression’, Comput. Stand. Interfaces, 2010, 32, (1), pp. 5460.
    7. 7)
      • 15. Kasmani, S.A., Naghsh-Nilchi, A.: ‘A new robust digital image watermarking technique based on joint DWT-DCT transformation’. Third Int. Conf. on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology, IEEE2008. ICCIT'08. vol. 2, pp. 539544.
    8. 8)
      • 6. Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Cappellini, V., et al: ‘A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking’, Signal Process., 1998, 66, (3), pp. 357372.
    9. 9)
      • 45. Liu, S., Fu, W., He, L., et al: ‘Distribution of primary additional errors in fractal encoding method’, Multimedia Tools Appl., 2017, 76, (4), pp. 57875802.
    10. 10)
      • 27. Cedillo-Hernandez, A., Cedillo-Hernandez, M., Garcia-Vazquez, M., et al: ‘Transcoding resilient video watermarking scheme based on spatio-temporal HVS and DCT’, Signal Process., 2014, 97, pp. 4054.
    11. 11)
      • 32. Joshi, A.M., Mishra, V., Patrikar, R.M.: ‘Design of real-time video watermarking based on Integer DCT for H.: 264 encoder’, Int. J. Electron., 2015, 102, (1), pp. 141155.
    12. 12)
      • 40. Ye, X., Chen, X., Deng, M., et al: ‘A SIFT-based DWT-SVD blind watermark method against geometrical attacks’.2014 7th Int. Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP) IEEE, 2014, pp. 323329.
    13. 13)
      • 29. Hu, H.T., Hsu, L.Y., Chou, H.H.: ‘Perceptual-based DWPT-DCT framework for selective blind audio watermarking’, Signal Process., 2014, 105, pp. 316327.
    14. 14)
      • 4. Acken, J.M.: ‘How Watermarking adds value to digital content’, Commun. ACM, 1998, 41, (7), pp. 7477.
    15. 15)
      • 23. Deb, K., Al-Seraj, M.S., Hoque, M.M., et al: ‘Combined DWT-DCT based digital image watermarking technique for copyright protection’. Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), 2012 7th Int. Conf. on. IEEE, 2012, pp. 458461.
    16. 16)
      • 16. Aslantas, V., Ozer, S., Ozturk, S.: ‘Improving the performance of DCT-based fragile watermarking using intelligent optimization algorithms’, Opt. Commun., 2009, 282, (14), pp. 28062817.
    17. 17)
      • 43. Sadreazami, H., Ahmad, M.O., Swamy, M.N.S.: ‘Multiplicative watermark decoder in contourlet domain using the normal inverse Gaussian distribution’, IEEE Trans. Multimed., 2016, 18, (2), pp. 196207.
    18. 18)
      • 21. Lei, B.Y., Soon, Y., Li, Z.: ‘Blind and robust audio watermarking scheme based on SVD–DCT’, Signal Process., 2011, 91, (8), pp. 19731984.
    19. 19)
      • 10. Langelaar, G.C., Lagendijk, R.L.: ‘Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2001, 10, (1), pp. 148158.
    20. 20)
      • 17. Lv, Z., Tek, A., Da Silva, F., et al: ‘Game on, science-how video game technology may help biologists tackle visualization challenges’, PloS one, 2013, 8, (3), p. e57990.
    21. 21)
      • 46. Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Qi, L.:, et al: ‘A fractal image encoding method based on statistical loss used in agricultural image compression’, Multimedia Tools Appl., 2016, 75, (23), pp. 1552515536.
    22. 22)
      • 41. Wang, S., Zheng, D., Zhao, J., et al: ‘Adaptive watermarking and tree structure based image quality estimation’, IEEE Trans. Multimed., 2014, 16, (2), pp. 311325.
    23. 23)
      • 42. Guo, J.M., Lai, G.H., Wong, K., et al: ‘Progressive halftone watermarking using multilayer table lookup strategy’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2015, 24, (7), pp. 20092024.
    24. 24)
      • 37. Parah, S.A., Sheikh, J.A., Loan, N.A., et al: ‘Robust and blind watermarking technique in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient differencing’, Digit. Signal Process., 2016, 53, pp. 1124.
    25. 25)
      • 9. Barni, M., Bartolini, F., De Rosa, A., et al: ‘Capacity of full frame DCT image watermarks’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2000, 9, (8), pp. 14501455.
    26. 26)
      • 36. Panah, A.S., Schyndel, R.V., Sellis, T., et al: ‘On the properties of non-media digital watermarking: a review of state of the art techniques’, IEEE Access, 2016, 4, pp. 26702704.
    27. 27)
      • 18. Lv, Z., Halawani, A., Feng, S., et al: ‘Touch-less interactive augmented reality game on vision-based wearable device’, Pers. Ubiquitous Comput., 2015, 19, (3-4), pp. 551567.
    28. 28)
      • 24. Golshan, F., Mohammadi, K.: ‘A hybrid intelligent SVD-based perceptual shaping of a digital image watermark in DCT and DWT domain’, Imaging Sci. J., 2013, 61, (1), pp. 3546.
    29. 29)
      • 11. Lu, C.S.: ‘Block DCT-based robust watermarking using side information extracted by mean filtering’. Proc. 16th Int. Conf. on. IEEE, 2002 Pattern Recognition, 2002. vol. 2, pp. 10011004.
    30. 30)
      • 30. Hu, H.T., Hsu, L.Y.: ‘Exploring DWT–SVD–DCT feature parameters for robust multiple watermarking against JPEG and JPEG2000 compression’, Comput. Electr. Eng., 2015, 41, pp. 5263.
    31. 31)
      • 3. Tirkel, A.Z., Rankin, G.A., Schyndel, R.V., et al: ‘Electronic watermark’. Digital Image Computing, Technology and Applications, 1993.
    32. 32)
      • 19. Lv, Z., Halawani, A., Feng, S., et al: ‘Multimodal hand and foot gesture interaction for handheld devices’, ACM Trans. Multim. Comput. Commun. Appl. (TOMM), 2014, 11, (1s), p. 10.
    33. 33)
      • 8. Hernandez, J.R., Amado, M., Perez-Gonzalez, F.: ‘DCT-domain watermarking techniques for still images: detector performance analysis and a new structure’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2000, 9, (1), pp. 5568.
    34. 34)
      • 44. Liu, S., Cheng, X., Fu, W., et al: ‘Numeric characteristics of generalized M-set with its asymptote’, Appl. Math. Comput., 2014, 243, pp. 767774.
    35. 35)
      • 38. Ali, M., Ahn, C.W., Pant, M.: ‘A robust image watermarking technique using SVD and differential evolution in DCT domain’, Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt., 2014, 125, (1), pp. 428434.
    36. 36)
      • 12. Suhail, M.A., Obaidat, M.S.: ‘Digital watermarking-based DCT and JPEG model’, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2003, 52, (5), pp. 16401647.
    37. 37)
      • 31. Hu, H.T., Hsu, L.Y.: ‘Robust, transparent and high-capacity audio watermarking in DCT domain’, Signal Process., 2015, 109, pp. 226235.
    38. 38)
      • 34. Fazli, S., Moeini, M.: ‘A robust image watermarking method based on DWT, DCT, and SVD using a new technique for correction of main geometric attacks’, Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt., 2016, 127, (2), pp. 964972.
    39. 39)
      • 39. Joshi, A.M., Mishra, V., Patrikar, R.M.: ‘Design of real-time video watermarking based on Integer DCT for H. 264 encoder’, Int. J. Electron., 2015, 102, (1), pp. 141155.
    40. 40)
      • 5. Piva, A., Barni, M., Bartolini, F., et al: ‘DCT-based watermark recovering without resorting to the uncorrupted original image’. Image Processing, 1997. Proc., Int. Conf. on. IEEE, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 520523.
    41. 41)
      • 13. Huang, F., Guan, Z.H.: ‘A hybrid SVD-DCT watermarking method based on LPSNR’, Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2004, 25, (15), pp. 17691775.
    42. 42)
      • 33. Jagadeesh, B., Kumar, P.R., Reddy, P.C.: ‘Robust digital image watermarking based on fuzzy inference system and back propagation neural networks using DCT’, Soft Comput., 2016, 20, (9), pp. 36793686.
    43. 43)
      • 25. Shivani, S., Singh, D., Agarwal, S.: ‘DCT based approach for tampered image detection and recovery using block wise fragile watermarking scheme’. Iberian Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, 2013, pp. 640647.
    44. 44)
      • 1. Gonzalez, R.C., Woods, R.E.: ‘Digital image processing’ (Pearson Education Inc., New York, 2010, 3rd edn.).
    45. 45)
      • 7. Kii, H., Onishi, J., Ozawa, S.: ‘The digital watermarking method by using both patchwork and DCT’. IEEE Int. Conf. on IEEE Multimedia Computing and Systems, 1999.1999, vol. 1, pp. 895899.
    46. 46)
      • 26. Divecha, N., Jani, N.N.: ‘Implementation and performance analysis of DCT-DWT-SVD based watermarking algorithms for color images’. Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP), 2013 Int. Conf. on. IEEE, 2013, pp. 204208.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-ipr.2016.0862
Loading

Related content

content/journals/10.1049/iet-ipr.2016.0862
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address