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access icon free Multi-objective auto-regressive whale optimisation for traffic-aware routing in urban VANET

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 02/01/2018, Accepted 08/01/2018, Published 17/01/2018

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a growing networking concept that has been used increasingly in various applications including traffic alert broadcasting. The main purpose of VANET is to provide safety to the drivers by alerting them to the dangers that may happen. This study presents a traffic-aware routing protocol in VANET by the introduction of multi-objective auto-regressive whale optimisation (ARWO) algorithm. ARWO algorithm selects the best path from the multiple paths by considering the multiple objectives, such as end-to-end delay (EED), link life time, packet delay and distance, in the fitness function. Here, the traffic density and the expected average speed of the vehicle are predicted by the exponential weighted moving average approach. The performance of ARWO protocol is compared with four existing techniques, like stable CDS-based routing protocol, fractional glow worm swarm optimisation, glow worm swarm optimisation, and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), using the metrics, EED, distance, traffic density, and throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed ARWO algorithm achieves EED of 2.941, a distance of 2.15, traffic density of 0.009 and throughput of 0.1, respectively, at maximum constraints, i.e. at a maximum number of vehicles and simulation time and thus proves its efficiency against the comparative protocols.

Inspec keywords: vehicular ad hoc networks; autoregressive processes; optimisation; intelligent transportation systems; routing protocols

Other keywords: networking concept; traffic density; range transmission devices; traffic alert broadcasting; multiobjective autoregressive whale optimisation; EED; simulation time; vehicular ad-hoc network; ARWO algorithm; multiple objectives; wireless environments; end-to-end delay; fractional glow worm swarm optimisation; link life time; multiple paths; packet delay; WOA; urban VANET; traffic-aware routing protocol; intelligent transportation; CDS; fitness function; exponential weighted moving average approach

Subjects: Other topics in statistics; Protocols; Communication network design, planning and routing; Optimisation techniques; Mobile radio systems

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