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access icon free Application of μPMUs for adaptive protection of overcurrent relays in microgrids

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 05/11/2017, Accepted 19/07/2018, Revised 15/06/2018, Published 13/08/2018

This study proposes a new application of micro-phasor measurement units (µPMUs) for adaptive coordination of overcurrent relays in microgrids. Mis-coordination of overcurrent relays usually arising from the variation of relays fault current and it can cause damage to equipment of network and raise operating costs. Fault current injection and direction to microgrid are highly dependent on network uncertainties; therefore, fault current is affected by line and power plant outages. This study proposes an algorithm to detect these uncertainties in online operation. Then, microgrid overcurrent relays coordination is optimised again. Uncertainties are line and power plant outages in transmission network and microgrid side and two distinct methods are used for each. For online detection of uncertainties in the transmission side, it is assumed that a µPMU is installed between transmission network and microgrid point of common coupling; so, the topology changes such as line outage is detected by monitoring of Thevenin impedance estimation that is obtained by µPMU measurements. Uncertainties detection in a microgrid is done by signals that are sent by µPMUs and installed all over the microgrid. All data are gathered and analysed in phasor data concentrators and then overcurrent relays coordination is updated with such changes.

Inspec keywords: power generation reliability; distributed power generation; overcurrent protection; phasor measurement; power generation faults; fault currents; power generation protection; power transmission reliability; power transmission faults; particle swarm optimisation; power transmission protection; relay protection

Other keywords: power plant outages; network uncertainties; online uncertainty detection; operating costs; μPMU; transmission network; DigSILENT software package; relays fault current; phasor data concentrators; Thevenin impedance estimation; particle swarm optimisation algorithm; line outages; IEEE 9-bus system; adaptive overcurrent relay protection; data analysis; microphasor measurement units; MATLAB software package; microgrid point-of-common coupling; fault current injection; microgrid overcurrent relays coordination

Subjects: Power system protection; Optimisation techniques; Power system measurement and metering; Distributed power generation; Reliability

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