To improve the performance of the conventional distance protection scheme for compensated lines with high resistance faults, an adaptive distance protection scheme is proposed. This study presents an analytical approach for finding the possible impacts of shunt connected flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices such as static synchronous compensator/static volt-ampere reactive (VAR) compensator (SVC) integrated with off-shore wind farm (WF) on distance relay characteristics. Analytical results are presented and verified on simulation platform compares under reach phenomena in presence of both FACTS devices and it is found that under reach is more severe for SVC connected system. Moreover, presence of SVC changes the line characteristic presented to relay even for bolted faults. It is also seen that type of coupling transformer has a considerable effect on apparent impedance. Furthermore, the reach setting of the relay is significantly affected as the relay end voltage and power fluctuates continuously (due to non-linear relationship with speed) when off-shore WFs are connected to power transmission systems. Thus, adaptive tripping characteristics for high resistance line-to-ground fault with shunt-FACTS devices considering appropriate operating conditions is a demanding concern and the same has been addressed in the proposed research work.

References

1. 1)
  - 12. El-Arroudi, K., Joos, G., McGillis, D.T.: ‘Operation of impedance protection relays with the STATCOM’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2002, 17, (2), pp. 381–387 (doi: 10.1109/61.997904).
2. 2)
  - 9. Sidhu, T.S., Varma, R.K., Gangadharan, P.K., et al: ‘Performance of distance relays on shunt – facts compensated transmission lines’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2005, 20, (3), pp. 1837–1845 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.848641).
3. 3)
  - 10. Albasri, F.A., Sidhu, T.S., Varma, R.K.: ‘Impact of shunt-FACTS on distance protection of transmission lines’. Proc. Power Systems Conf., Clemson, SC, 14–17 March 2006.
4. 4)
  - 6. Dubey, R.K., Samantaray, S.R., Panigrahi, B.K.: ‘Adaptive distance relaying scheme for transmission network connecting wind farms’, Electr. Power Compon. Syst., 2014, 42, (11), pp. 1181–1193 (doi: 10.1080/15325008.2014.921953).
5. 5)
  - 5. Sadeghi, H.: ‘A novel method for adaptive distance protection of transmission line connected to wind farms’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2012, 43, pp. 1376–1382 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.06.072).
6. 6)
  - 2. Ma, J., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., et al: ‘A novel adaptive current protection scheme for distribution systems with distributed generation’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2012, 43, pp. 1460–1466 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.07.024).
7. 7)
  - 20. Ma, J., Ma, W., Qiu, Y., et al: ‘An adaptive distance protection scheme based on the voltage drop equation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2015, 30, (4), pp. 1931–1940 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2404951).
8. 8)
  - 13. Ghorbani, A., Khederzadeh, M., Mozafari, B.: ‘Impact of SVC on the protection of transmission lines’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2012, 42, pp. 702–709 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.04.029).
9. 9)
  - 24. Jena, M.K., Samantaray, S.R.: ‘Data-mining-based intelligent differential relaying for transmission lines including UPFC and wind farms’, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., 2015, early access.
10. 10)
  - 21. Available http://www.opal-rt.com.
11. 11)
  - 23. Ekanayake, J.B., Holds worth, L., Wu, X., et al: ‘Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2003, 18, (2), pp. 803–809 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.811178).
12. 12)
  - 8. Zhou, X.Y., Wang, H.F., Aggarwal, R.K., et al: ‘The impact of STATCOM on distance relay’. 15th PSCC, Liege, 22–26 August 2005.
13. 13)
  - 17. Dubey, R., Samantaray, S.R., Panigrahi, B.K.: ‘Simultaneous impact of unified power flow controller and off-shore wind penetration on distance relay characteristics’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2014, 8, (11), pp. 1869–1880 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0066).
14. 14)
  - 11. Albasri, F.A., Sidhu, T.S., Varma, R.K.: ‘Performance comparison of distance protection schemes for shunt-FACTS compensated transmission lines’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2007, 22, (4), pp. 2116–2125 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.900283).
15. 15)
  - 15. Singh, A.R., Patne, N.R., Kale, V.S.: ‘Adaptive distance protection setting in presence of mid-point STATCOM using synchronized measurement’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2015, 67, pp. 252–260 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.11.032).
16. 16)
  - 16. Biswal, M., Pati, B.B., Pradhan, A.K.: ‘Adaptive distance relay setting for series compensated line’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2013, 52, pp. 198–206 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.03.018).
17. 17)
  - 1. Jang, S.I., Choi, J.H., Kim, J.W., et al: ‘An adaptive relaying for the protection of a wind farm interconnected with distribution networks’. Proc. IEEE PES Transmission Distribution Conf. Exposition, 7–12 September 2003, vol. 1, pp. 296–302.
18. 18)
  - 22. MATLAB Sim Power Systems User's Guide, Version 4.6 (R2008a). Available at http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/physmod/powersys, accessed 1 December 2012.
19. 19)
  - 4. Pradhan, A.K., Jóos, G.: ‘Adaptive distance relay setting for lines connecting wind farms’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2007, 22, (1), pp. 206–213 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2006.889621).
20. 20)
  - 18. Dubey, R., Samantaray, S.R., Panigrahi, B.K., et al: ‘Adaptive distance relay setting for parallel transmission network connecting wind farms and UPFC’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2015, 65, pp. 113–123 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.09.033).
21. 21)
  - 7. Hingorani, N.G., Gyugyi, L.: ‘Understanding FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems’ (Wiley, New York, 1999).
22. 22)
  - 3. Brahma, S.M., Girgis, A.A.: ‘Development of adaptive protection schemes for distribution systems with high penetration of distribution generation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2004, 19, (1), pp. 56–63 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820204).
23. 23)
  - 14. Singh, A.R., Dambhare, S.S.: ‘Adaptive distance protection of transmission line in presence of SVC’, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2013, 53, pp. 78–84 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.03.020).
24. 24)
  - 19. Sarangi, S., Pradhan, A.K.: ‘Adaptive direct under reaching transfer trip protection scheme for three-terminal line’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2015, PP, (99), DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2388798.

Adaptive distance protection scheme for shunt-FACTS compensated line connecting wind farm

References

Related content