© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Rapid advancements pertaining to measurements and computational technology have brought a paradigm shift for operational architecture of power grids across the globe. Self-healing, a vital operational feature of emerging power grids, necessitates real-time identification and localisation of transmission line faults for the entire power network. This study proposes a novel support vector machine-based fault localisation methodology to precisely identify and localise all types of transmission line faults occurring at any location in the power grid based on phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements. Detection of fault is achieved through PMU measurements only from a single generator bus for the entire grid. Bus associated with fault, faulty branch and location of fault in faulty branch are calculated using fast Fourier transform analysis of variations pertaining to equivalent voltage phasor angle (EVPA) and equivalent current phasor angle (ECPA). The proposed methodology has been validated through extensive case studies for Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC)-9 and IEEE-14 bus systems. The main contribution of the proposed methodology is that the fault location information can significantly contribute to system protection center for restoration of the line within shortest time span and initiate appropriate wide area control actions to maintain stability.
References
-
-
1)
-
9. Slootweg, J.G., Kling, W.L.: ‘Impacts of distributed generation on power system transient stability’, Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meet., 2002, 2, pp. 862–867 (doi: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043465).
-
2)
-
21. Kang, N., Liao, Y.: ‘Double-circuit transmission-line fault location utilizing synchronized current phasors’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2013, 28, (2) (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2246587).
-
3)
-
J. Gracia ,
A.J. Mazon ,
I. Zamora
.
Best ANN structures for fault location in single and double circuit transmission lines.
IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
,
4 ,
2389 -
2395
-
4)
-
20. Chang, C.C., Lin, C.J.: ‘LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines’, ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., 2 (27), pp. 1–27–27, .
-
5)
-
J.A. Jiang ,
J.Z. Yang ,
Y.H. Lin ,
C.W. Liu ,
J.C. Ma
.
An adaptive PMU based fault detection/location technique for transmission lines – part I: theory and algorithms.
IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
,
2 ,
486 -
493
-
6)
-
2. Liu, C.W., Lien, K.P., Chen, C.S., Jiang, J.A.: ‘A universal fault location technique for N-terminal (N ≥ 3) transmission Lines’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2008, 23, (3), pp. 1366–1373 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.919244).
-
7)
-
12. Ma, J., Zhang, P., Fu, H., Bo, B., Dong, Z.: ‘Application of phasor measurement unit on locating disturbance source for low-frequency oscillation’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2010, 1, (3), pp. 340–346 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2010.2071889).
-
8)
-
22. Jiang, Q., Li, X., Wang, B., Wang, H.: ‘PMU-based fault location using voltage measurements in large transmission networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2012, 27, (3), pp. 1644–1652 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2199525).
-
9)
-
K.P. Lien ,
C.W. Liu ,
C.S. Yu ,
J.A. Jiang
.
Transmission network fault location with minimal PMU placement.
IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
,
3 ,
1128 -
1136
-
10)
-
1. Lin, Y.H., Liu, C.W., Yu, C.S.: ‘A new fault locator for three-terminal transmission lines – using two-terminal synchronized voltage and current phasors’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2002, 17, (2), pp. 452–459 (doi: 10.1109/61.997917).
-
11)
-
19. Korkali, M., Lev-Ari, H., Abur, A.: ‘Traveling-wave-based fault location technique for transmission grids via wide-area synchronized voltage measurements’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2012, 27, (2), pp. 1003–1011 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2176351).
-
12)
-
26. Ravikumar, B., Thukaram, D., Khincha, H.P.: ‘Comparison of multiclass SVM classification methods to use in a supportive system for distance relay coordination’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2010, 25, (3), pp. 1296–1305 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2041795).
-
13)
-
18. Salat, R., Osowski, S.: ‘Accurate fault location in the power transmission line using support vector machine approach’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2004, 19, (2), pp. 979–986 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825883).
-
14)
-
26. Seethalekshmi, K., Singh, S.N., Srivastava, S.C.: ‘A synchrophasor assisted frequency and voltage stability based load shedding scheme for self-healing of power system’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2011, 2, pp. 221–230 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2113361).
-
15)
-
10. Hashiesh, F., Mostafa, H.E., Khatib, A.R., et al: ‘An intelligent wide area synchrophasor based system for predicting and mitigating transient instabilities’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2012, 3, (2), pp. 645–652 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2187220).
-
16)
-
22. Liu, C.W., Lin, T.C., Yang, J.Z.: ‘A fault location technique for two-terminal multisection compound transmission lines using synchronized phasor measurements’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2012, 3, (1), pp. 113–121 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2171198).
-
17)
-
13. He, Z.Y., Mai, R.K., He, W., Qian, Q.Q.: ‘Phasor-measurement-unit-based transmission line fault location estimator under dynamic conditions’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2011, 5, (11), pp. 1183–1191 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0081).
-
18)
-
11. Gopakumar, P., Jaya bharata Reddy, M., Mohanta, D.K.: ‘Letter to the editor: stability concerns in smart grid with emerging renewable energy technologies’, Electr. Power Compon. Syst., 2014, 42, (3–4), pp. 418–425 (doi: 10.1080/15325008.2013.866182).
-
19)
-
K. Seethalekshmi ,
S.N. Singh ,
S.C. Srivastava
.
A classification approach using support vector machines to prevent distance relay maloperation under power swing and voltage instability.
IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
,
3 ,
1124 -
1133
-
20)
-
M.K. Donnelly ,
J.E. Dagle ,
D.J. Trudnowski
.
Impacts of the distributed utility on transmission system stability.
IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
,
2 ,
741 -
747
-
21)
-
M.J. Reddy ,
D.K. Mohanta
.
Adaptive-neuro-fuzzy inference system approach for transmission line fault classification and location incorporating effects of power swings.
IET Gener. Transm. Distrib.
,
235 -
244
-
22)
-
16. Kundur, P.: ‘Power system stability and control’ (Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0788
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0788
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6