A hybrid NanoGrid (NG) can be considered as the power supply system, for future community houses. In this study, the operation and control of an NG are presented. The NG consists of an AC bus and a DC bus, interconnected through a tie-converter (TC). All AC loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) of the community houses are connected to the AC bus while all their DC loads and DERs are connected to the DC bus. The NG has an adequate generation capacity to supply its loads in off-grid status as well as the capability to exchange power with the grid. The TC exchanges the power between two buses and regulates the voltage in both buses, in the case of off-grid operation. The NG dynamics, with the proposed structure and developed primary and secondary control algorithms are validated through extensive computer simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.

References

1. 1)
  - 22. Shahnia, F., Chandrasena, R.P.S., Rajakaruna, S., Ghosh, A.: ‘Primary control level of parallel DER converters in system of multiple interconnected autonomous microgrids within self-healing networks’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2014, 8, (2), pp. 203–222 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0126).
2. 2)
  - R. Majumder , B. Chaudhuri , A. Ghosh , R. Majumder , G. Ledwich , F. Zare . Improvement of stability and load sharing in an autonomous microgrid using supplementary droop control loop. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. , 2 , 796 - 808
3. 3)
  - 31. Ghosh, A., Ledwich, G.: ‘Power quality enhancement using custom power devices’ (Kluwer Academic, 2002).
4. 4)
  - 35. Akbari, M., Tafreshi, S.M.M., Golkar, M.A.: ‘Voltage control of a hybrid ac/dc microgrid in stand-alone operation mode’. IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conf. (ISGT India), December 2011, pp. 363–367.
5. 5)
  - 21. Delghavi, M.B., Yazdani, A.: ‘Islanded-mode control of electronically coupled distributed-resource units under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2011, 26, (2), pp. 661–673 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2042081).
6. 6)
  - 11. Kakigano, H., Miura, Y., Ise, T.: ‘Distribution voltage control for DC microgrids using fuzzy control and gain-scheduling technique’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (5), pp. 2246–2258 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2217353).
7. 7)
  - 19. Xu, L., Chen, D.: ‘Control and operation of a DC microgrid with variable generation and energy storage’, IEEE Trans. Power. Deliv., 2011, 26, (4), pp. 2513–2522 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2158456).
8. 8)
  - 20. Mehrizi-Sani, A., Iravani, R.: ‘Online set point modulation to enhance microgrid dynamic response: theoretical foundation’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2012, 27, (4), pp. 2167–2174 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2190532).
9. 9)
  - 3. Bryan, J., Duke, R., Round, S.: ‘Decentralized generator scheduling in a nanogrid using DC bus signaling’. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2004, vol. 1, pp. 977–982.
10. 10)
  - F. Katiraei , M. Iravani . Power management strategies for a microgrid with multiple distributed generation units. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. , 4 , 1821 - 1831
11. 11)
  - 27. Ito, Y., Zhongqing, Y., Akagi, H.: ‘DC microgrid based distribution power generation system’. IEEE Fourth Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. (IPEMC), August 2004, vol. 3, pp. 1740–1745.
12. 12)
  - 26. Lu, X., Guerrero, J.M., Sun, K., Vasquez, J.C., Teodorescu, R., Huang, L.: ‘Hierarchical control of parallel AC-DC converter interfaces for hybrid microgrids’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2014, 5, (2), pp. 683–692 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2272327).
13. 13)
  - 24. Dragicevic, T., Guerrero, J.M., Vasquez, J.C., Skrlec, D.: ‘Supervisory control of an adaptive-droop regulated dc microgrid with battery management capability’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, 29, (2), pp. 695–706 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2257857).
14. 14)
  - 8. Liang, C., Shahidehpour, M.: ‘DC microgrids: economic operation and enhancement of resilience by hierarchical control’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2014, 5, (5), pp. 2517–2526 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2344024).
15. 15)
  - 2. de Souza Ribeiro, L.A., Saavedra, O.R., de Lima, S.L., Gomes de Matos, J.: ‘Isolated micro-grids with renewable hybrid generation: the case of Lençóis Island’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2011, 2, (1), pp. 1–11 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2010.2097930).
16. 16)
  - 18. Savaghebi, M., Jalilian, A., Vasquez, J.C., Guerrero, J.M.: ‘Secondary control scheme for voltage unbalance compensation in an islanded droop-controlled microgrid’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2012, 3, (2), pp. 797–807 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2181432).
17. 17)
  - A. Sannino , G. Postiglione , M.H.J. Bollen . Feasibility of a dc network for commercial facilities. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. , 5 , 1499 - 1507
18. 18)
  - 34. Tewari, A.: ‘Modern control design’ (Wiley, 2002).
19. 19)
  - H. Kakigano , Y. Miura , T. Ise . Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high quality distribution. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. , 12 , 3066 - 3075
20. 20)
  - 14. Lasseter, R.H.: ‘Microgrids: distributed power generation’. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 146–149.
21. 21)
  - 2. Eghtedarpour, N., Farjah, E.: ‘Distributed charge/discharge control of energy storages in a renewable-energy-based DC micro-grid’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2014, 8, (1), pp. 45–57 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0112).
22. 22)
  - 12. Cvetkovic, I., Dong, D., Wei, Z., et al: ‘A testbed for experimental validation of a low-voltage DC nanogrid for buildings’. IEEE 15th Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. (EPE/PEMC), September 2012.
23. 23)
  - 13. Suzdalenko, A., Vorobyov, M., Galkin, I.: ‘Development of distributed energy management system for intelligent household electricity distribution grid’. IEEE EUROCON Conf., July 2013, pp. 1474–1478.
24. 24)
  - K.J. Jaehong , M. Guerrero , P. Rodriguez , R. Teodorescu , N. Kwanghee . Mode adaptive droop control with virtual output impedances for an inverter-based flexible AC microgrid. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. , 3 , 689 - 701
25. 25)
  - 9. Majumder, R., Ledwich, G., Ghosh, A., Chakrabarti, S., Zare, F.: ‘Droop control of converter-interfaced microsources in rural distributed generation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2010, 25, (4), pp. 2768–2778 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2042974).
26. 26)
  - 6. Shanthi, P., Govindarajan, U., Parvathyshankar, D.: ‘Instantaneous power-based current control scheme for VAR compensation in hybrid AC/DC networks for smart grid applications’, IET Power Electron., 2014, 7, (5), pp. 1216–1226 (doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0253).
27. 27)
  - 28. Lu, X., Guerrero, J.M., Sun, K., Vasquez, J.C.: ‘An improved droop control method for DC microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with DC bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, 29, (4), pp. 1800–1812 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2266419).
28. 28)
  - 2. Kirthiga, M.V., Daniel, S.A., Gurunathan, S.: ‘A methodology for transforming an existing distribution network into a sustainable autonomous micro-grid’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2013, 4, (1), pp. 31–41 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2196771).
29. 29)
  - 7. Eghtedarpour, N., Farjah, E.: ‘Power control and management in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2014, 5, (3), pp. 1494–1505 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2294275).
30. 30)
  - 29. Jiang, Z., Yu, X.: ‘Power electronics interfaces for hybrid DC and AC-linked microgrids’. IEEE Sixth Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. (IPEMC), May 2009, pp. 730–736.
31. 31)
  - 11. Loh, P.C., Ding, L., Yi Kang, C., Blaabjerg, F.: ‘Autonomous operation of hybrid microgrid with Ac and Dc subgrids’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (5), pp. 2214–2223 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2214792).
32. 32)
  - 5. Goikoetxea, A., Canales, J.M., Sanchez, R., Zumeta, P.: ‘DC versus AC in residential buildings: efficiency comparison’. IEEE EUROCON Conf., July 2013, pp. 1–5.
33. 33)
  - 9. Hayashi, Y.: ‘High power density rectifier for highly efficient future DC distribution system’, Electr. Eng. Res., 2013, 1, (3), pp. 49–59.
34. 34)
  - 12. Liu, X., Wang, P., Chiang Loh, P.: ‘A hybrid AC/DC microgrid and its coordination control’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2011, 2, (2), pp. 278–286 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2134113).

Dynamic operation and control of a hybrid nanogrid system for future community houses

References

Related content