Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation

Kyle I. Jennett; Campbell D. Booth; Federico Coffele; Andrew J. Roscoe

Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation

View Fulltext

Author(s): Kyle I. Jennett ¹ ; Campbell D. Booth ¹ ; Federico Coffele ² ; Andrew J. Roscoe ¹
- Affiliations: 1: Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow, UK;
  2: Power Networks Demonstration Centre, University of Strathclyde, 62 Napier Road, Wardpark, Cumbernauld, UK
Source: Volume 9, Issue 4, 05 March 2015, p. 379 – 385
DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0169 , Print ISSN 1751-8687, Online ISSN 1751-8695

Received 20/02/2014, Accepted 10/10/2014, Revised 12/09/2014, Published 03/12/2014

This study contains an investigation into sympathetic tripping – the undesirable disconnection of distributed generators (DGs) (in accordance with the recently-introduced G83/2 under voltage protection) when a network fault occurs in the vicinity of the DG and is not cleared quickly enough by the network protection (i.e. before the DG's under voltage protection operates). An evaluation of the severity of and proposal of solutions to the problem of sympathetic tripping on a typical UK distribution power network is presented. An inverter model (as the majority of DGs will be inverter-interfaced) that characterises the fault response of the inverter and its associated protection functions has been developed for use in simulation through exhaustive laboratory testing of a commercially-available 3 kW inverter for DG application; the observed responses have been modelled and incorporated in a power system simulation package. It is shown, when using presently-adopted DG interface and network protection settings, that the risk of sympathetic tripping is high in several future scenarios. To mitigate this risk, the impact of modifying network protection settings is evaluated. This study has two key findings – determination of the conditions at which the risk of sympathetic tripping is high and evaluation of a technique to mitigate this risk.

References

1. 1)
  - 15. ‘Engineering Recommendation G59/3 Recommendations for the connection of generation plant to the distribution systems of licensed distribution network operators’, (Operations Directorate of Energy Networks Association, London, Engineering Recommendation, 2013).
2. 2)
  - 20. Keller, J., Kroposki, B.: ‘Understanding fault characteristics of inverter-based distributed energy resources’. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Alliance for Sustainable Energy, 2010, p. 26.
3. 3)
  - 18. (2009, January). PSCAD, version 4.4.0.0, 13th June 2011, Manitoba HVDC Research Centre (software). [Online]. Available at: https://hvdc.ca/pscad/.
4. 4)
  - 8. Zeineldin, H.H., Kirtley, J.L.: ‘A simple technique for islanding detection with negligible nondetection zone’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2009, 24, pp. 779–786 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2013382).
5. 5)
  - 2. ‘EU Energy Policy to 2050: achieving 80–95% emissions reductions’, (European Wind Energy Association, 2011), p. 68.
6. 6)
  - 17. ‘The Grid Code’, National Grid, December 2013.
7. 7)
  - 22. Mansour, M.M., Mekhamer, S.F., El-Kharbawe, N.E.S.: ‘A modified particle swarm optimizer for the coordination of directional overcurrent relays’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2007, 22, pp. 1400–1410 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.899259).
8. 8)
  - 11. Naik, P.K., Bahadornejad, M., Nair, N.K.C., Vyatkin, V.: ‘IEC 61850 based smart distribution protection: solutions for sympathetic tripping’. IEEE PESInnovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia (ISGT), 2011, pp. 1–7.
9. 9)
  - 9. Jennett, K.I., Booth, C.D., Martin, L.: ‘Analysis of the sympathetic tripping problem for networks with high penetrations of distributed generation’. Presented at the The Int. Conf. on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection, Beijing, 2011.
10. 10)
  - 7. Salles, D., Freitas, W., Vieira, J.C.M., Xu, W.: ‘Nondetection index of anti-islanding passive protection of synchronous distributed generators’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2012, 27, pp. 1509–1518 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2190624).
11. 11)
  - 6. Naiem, A.F., Hegazy, Y., Abdelaziz, A.Y., Elsharkawy, M.A.: ‘A classification technique for recloser-fuse coordination in distribution systems with distributed generation’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2012, 27, pp. 176–185 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2170224).
12. 12)
  - 16. ‘The Distribution Code and the Guide to the Distribution Code of Licensed Distribution Network Operator’, January 2014.
13. 13)
  - 12. Othman, A.B., Mamdoh, A.A.Z.M., Kamal, Y.H.: ‘Prevention of sympathetic tripping phenomena on power system by fault level management’. IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conf. and Exposition, 2008, pp. 1–14.
14. 14)
  - 5. Dysko, A., Burt, G.M., Galloway, S., Booth, C., McDonald, J.R.: ‘UK distribution system protection issues’, IET. Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2007, 1, pp. 679–687 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd:20070054).
15. 15)
  - 4. Freris, L., Infield, D.: ‘Renewable energy in power systems’ (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2008, 1st edn.), pp. 122, 128, 133, 192, pp. 144–145.
16. 16)
  - 14. ‘Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested Small-scale Embedded Generators (Up to 16A per Phase) in Parallel with Low-Voltage Distribution Systems’, (Operations Directorate of Energy Networks Association, London, Engineering Recommendation G83 Issue 2, 2012).
17. 17)
  - 19. Brucoli, M., Green, T.C., McDonald, J.D.F.: ‘Modelling and analysis of fault behaviour of inverter microgrids to aid future fault detection’. IEEE Int. Conf. on System of Systems Engineering SoSE '07.2007, pp. 1–6.
18. 18)
  - 10. Coffele, F., Booth, C.D.: ‘Detailed analysis of the impact of distributed generation and active network management on network protection systems’. Presented at the 21st Int. Conf. on Electricity Distribution, Frankfurt, 2011.
19. 19)
  - 23. Zeineldin, H.H.: ‘Optimal coordination of microprocessor based directional overcurrent relays’. Canadian Conf. on Electrical and Computer Engineering CCECE 2008.2008, pp. 000289–000294.
20. 20)
  - 3. Ofgem: ‘Feed-in Tariff Annual Report 2012–13’, December 2013, pp. 2–3.
21. 21)
  - 1. ‘The EU's Target for Renewable Energy: 20% by 2020’ (European Union Committee, London, 2008).
22. 22)
  - 21. Wood, C.J.L., Parvin, L.C.P.: ‘Future electrical systems – the possibilities’. Presented at the AES 2007 The Vision Redrawn, London, 2007.
23. 23)
  - 13. Mladenovic, S., Azadvar, A.A.: ‘Sympathetic trip prevention by applying simple current relays’. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2010, pp. 1–7.

Login

Not registered yet?

Share

Tools

Login to add to favourites

Key

Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation

References

Related content