Based on the inherent characteristic of the carrier-based pulse-width modulation converters, the response of the first carrier frequency harmonic (FCFH) current in the voltage source converter (VSC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is analysed under different fault conditions in this paper. A new protection scheme for the VSC-based HVDC transmission systems is proposed based on the FCFH currents. By extracting the harmonic currents at both the endings of the DC transmission cable, the fault type can be identified. The VSC-based HVDC test system is modelled in the PSCAD/EMTDC and the proposed protection scheme is evaluated with a variety of values of the fault resistance and the fault locations. Comprehensive test studies show that the performance of the proposed protection scheme is inspiring. It can recognise the internal and the external faults correctly.

References

1. 1)
  - 24. Odavic, M., Sumner, M., Zanchetta, P., Clare, J.C.: ‘A theoretical analysis of the harmonic content of PWM waveforms for multiple-frequency modulators’, IEEE Trans. Power Electr., 2010, 25, (1), pp. 131–141 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2026751).
2. 2)
  - N. Flourentzou , V. Agelidis , G. Demetriades . VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems: an overview. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. , 3 , 592 - 602
3. 3)
  - 10. Kerf, K.D., Srivastava, K., Reza, M., et al: ‘Wavelet-based protection strategy for DC faults in multi-terminal VSC HVDC systems’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2011, 5, (4), pp. 496–503 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0587).
4. 4)
  - 3. ABB AB, Grid Systems – HVDC, Ludvika, Sweden. Available at: http://www.abb.com/hvdc.
5. 5)
  - J. Yang , J. Fletcher , J. O'Reilly . Multiterminal dc wind farm collection grid internal fault analysis and protection design. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. , 4 , 2308 - 2318
6. 6)
  - 25. Holmes, D.G., McGrath, B.P.: ‘Opportunities for harmonic cancellation with carrier-based PWM for a two-level and multilevel cascaded inverters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2001, 37, (1), pp. 574–582 (doi: 10.1109/28.913724).
7. 7)
  - M.E. Baran , N.R. Mahajan . Overcurrent protection on voltage source converter-based multiterminal dc distribution systems. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. , 1 , 406 - 412
8. 8)
  - 21. Holmes, D.G., Lipo, T.A.: ‘Pulse width modulation for power converters: principles and practice’ (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2003).
9. 9)
  - 16. Li, X.Q., Song, Q., Liu, W.H., Rao, H., Xu, S.K., Li, L.C.: ‘Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead lines in MMC-based HVDC systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2013, 28, (1), pp. 483–490 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2226249).
10. 10)
  - 2. HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current Transmission. Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany. Available at: http://www.siemens.com/energy/hvdc.
11. 11)
  - 23. Bierhoff, M.H., Fuchs, F.W.: ‘DC-link harmonics of three-phase voltage-source converters influenced by the pulse width-modulation strategy-an analysis’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2008, 55, (5), pp. 2085–2092 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.921203).
12. 12)
  - 12. Zheng, X.D., Tai, N.L., Yang, G.L., Ding, H.Y.: ‘A transient protection scheme for HVDC transmission line’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2012, 27, (2), pp. 718–724 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2179321).
13. 13)
  - 8. Zhang, L.D., Harnefors, L., Nee, H.P.: ‘Modeling and control of VSC-HVDC links connected to island systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2011, 26, (2), pp. 783–793 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2070085).
14. 14)
  - 5. Mariethoz, S., Fuchs, A., Morari, M.: ‘A VSC-HVDC Decentralized Model Predictive Control Scheme for Fast Power Tracking’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2014, 29, (1), pp. 462–471 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2265277).
15. 15)
  - 22. McGrath, B.P., Holmes, D.G.: ‘A general analytical method for calculating inverter DC-link current harmonics’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2009, 45, (5), pp. 1851–1859 (doi: 10.1109/TIA.2009.2027556).
16. 16)
  - 9. Preece, R., Milanovic, J.V., Almutairi, A.M., Marjanovic, O.: ‘Probabilistic evaluation of damping controller in networks with multiple VSC-HVDC lines’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2013, 28, (1), pp. 367–376 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2197641).
17. 17)
  - 27. ‘PSCAD/EMTDC User's Manual’, Manitoba HVDC Res. Ctr., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2003.
18. 18)
  - 17. Jovcic, D., Ooi, B.T.: ‘Theoretical aspects of fault isolation on high-power direct current lines using resonant direct current/direct current converters’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2011, 5, (2), pp. 153–160 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0274).
19. 19)
  - 6. Pipelzadeh, Y., Chaudhuri, N.R., Chaudhuri, B., Green, T.C.: ‘System stability improvement through optimal control allocation in voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current links’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2012, 6, (9), pp. 811–821 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0828).
20. 20)
  - 11. Sellick, R.L., Akerberg, M.: ‘Comparison of HVDC light (VSC) and HVDC classic (LCC) site aspects, for a 500 MW 400 kV HVDC transmission scheme’. Proc. Int. Conf. IET AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2012), Birmingham, UK, December 2012, pp. 1–6.
21. 21)
  - 1. Povh, D.: ‘Use of HVDC and FACTS’, Proc. IEEE, 2000, 88, (2), pp. 235–245.
22. 22)
  - 7. Li, Y., Zhang, Z.W., Rehtanz, C., Luo, L.F., Ruberg, S., Yang, D.C.: ‘A new voltage source converter-HVDC transmission system based on an inductive filtering method’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2011, 5, (5), pp. 569–576 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0571).
23. 23)
  - 3. Wang, G.D., Wai, R.J., Liao, Y.: ‘Design of backstepping power control for grid-side converter of voltage source converter-based high voltage dc wind power generation system’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2013, 7, (2), pp. 118–133 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0358).
24. 24)
  - 14. Candelaria, J., Jae-Do, P.: ‘VSC-HVDC system protection: a review of current methods’. Proc. IEEE PES Power Systems Conf. and Exposition, 2011, pp. 1–7.
25. 25)
  - 26. Phadke, A.G., Thorp, J.S.: ‘Computer relaying for power systems’ (Wiley, 2009, 2nd edn.).

Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system

References

Related content