access icon free Performance evaluation of controlling thermostatically controlled appliances as virtual generators using comfort-constrained state-queueing models

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 05/02/2013, Accepted 03/11/2013, Revised 22/10/2013, Published 14/01/2014

This study presents a detailed performance evaluation of comfort-constrained state-queueing model for integration of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) as virtual generators (VGs). The configuration of VG models is presented. The heating mode of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) unit – heat pump is used as an example TCA load to demonstrate VG operation. First, an estimated baseline of the aggregated HVAC loads is obtained based on outdoor temperature forecasts using thermal dynamic models. Then, the control method of HVAC units for intra-hour load balancing is proposed. The effects of different comfort-constraints, outdoor temperature profiles and thermal deadbands are modelled to evaluate the performance of TCAs as VGs. The technical functionality of the TCA-VG is described and demonstrated by the modelling results.

Inspec keywords: distributed power generation; HVAC; queueing theory; power generation control; thermostats; power plants; heat pumps

Other keywords: heating ventilating and air-conditioning; heating mode; outdoor temperature profiles; VG model; outdoor temperature forecasts; TCA load; intra-hour load balancing; aggregated HVAC loads; thermal dynamic models; HVAC unit control method; virtual power plant; heat pump; distributed generators; comfort-constrained state-queueing models; virtual generators; thermostatically controlled appliance control; thermal dead-bands

Subjects: Air conditioning; Space heating; Queueing theory; Distributed power generation; Control of electric power systems; Control of heat systems; Queueing theory

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