RT Journal Article
A1 Mohammad M. Hoque
A1 Mohammad A. Hannan
A1 Azah Mohamed

PB iet
T1 Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium-ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications
JN IET Electrical Systems in Transportation
VO 7
IS 4
SP 267
OP 277
AB A charge equalisation controller (CEC) was developed for continuously monitoring individual battery cells and equalising the charge or voltage levels of all cells in a series pack. A charge equalisation control algorithm was developed to equalise undercharged, overcharged, and unprotected cells through the use of a bidirectional fly-back converter. The equalisation involves charging and discharging by employing constant current–constant voltage and discontinuous current mode proportional–integral (PI) control techniques. Particle swarm optimisation is applied to optimising the PI controller parameters that generate the regulated pulse width modulation switching signal for the converter. A CEC model was applied to 90 lithium-ion battery cells (nominally 15.5 Ah and 3.7 V each) connected in series. The results showed that the developed CEC model performed well at equalising both undercharged and overcharged cells with ∼92% efficiency and equalised every cell within the safe operation range of 3.73–3.87 V. The developed system realises excellent equalisation speed, a simple design and efficiency with low power loss. Thus, the CEC model has great potential for implementation in real-world electric vehicle energy storage systems.
K1 charge equalisation controller
K1 voltage 3.7 V to 3.87 V
K1 series connected lithium-ion battery cells
K1 discontinuous current mode PI control techniques
K1 bidirectional fly-back converter
K1 PI controller parameter optimisation
K1 CEC model
K1 real-world electric vehicle energy storage system
K1 pulse width modulation switching signal
K1 battery charging
K1 optimal algorithm
K1 electric vehicle applications
K1 proportional-integral control technique
K1 particle swarm optimisation
K1 battery discharging
DO https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2016.0077
UL https://digital-library.theiet.org/;jsessionid=rstl10o9nt80.x-iet-live-01content/journals/10.1049/iet-est.2016.0077
LA English
SN 2042-9738
YR 2017
OL EN