© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study presents an energy efficient and speed-sensorless control scheme for electric vehicle induction motors (IMs). The IM drive is designed to feature characteristics such as fast dynamic response, high efficiency and low cost. Hybrid field orientation control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) is employed as the main control method of IM drive. This method enjoys the advantages of both FOC and DTC and eliminates certain disadvantages. A field weakening algorithm is developed and utilised within the control strategy to ensure robust operation at high speeds. The cost is lowered by eliminating the speed encoder and estimating the speed using an extended Kalman filter observer. Furthermore, a loss minimisation algorithm is associated with the main control strategy to ensure high IM drive efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experimental results.
References
-
-
1)
-
11. Hodgson, D., DiMerow, B.C., Gadoue, S.M., Slater, H.J., Berrass, P.G., Giaouris, D.: ‘Effect of vehicle mass changes on the accuracy of Kalman filter estimation of electric vehicle speed’, IET Electr. Syst. Transp., 2013, 3, (3), pp. 67–78 (doi: 10.1049/iet-est.2012.0027).
-
2)
-
13. Sandulescu, A.P., Meingue, F., Kestelyn, X., Semail, E., Bruyere, A.: ‘Flux-weakening operation of open-end winding drive integrating a cost-effective high-power charger’, IET Electr. Syst. Transp., 2013, 3, (1), pp. 10–21 (doi: 10.1049/iet-est.2012.0026).
-
3)
-
G.O. Garcia ,
J.C.M. Luis ,
R.M. Stephan ,
E.H. Watanabe
.
An efficient controller for an adjustable speed induction motor drive.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
5 ,
533 -
539
-
4)
-
7. Ghennam, T., Berkouk, E.M., Francois, B., Alioune, K.: ‘A new space-vector based hysteresis current control applied on three-level inverter to control active and reactive powers of wind generator’. Proc. Int. Conf. Power Engineering, Energy, and Electric Drives, 2007.
-
5)
-
C.C. Chan ,
A. Bouscayrol ,
K.Y. Chen
.
Electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles: architectures and modeling.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
2 ,
589 -
598
-
6)
-
21. Nilsson, M.: ‘Kalman filtering with unknown noise covariances’. Proc. Reglemente, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, May 2006, pp. 1–4.
-
7)
-
A. Emadi ,
Y.J. Lee ,
K. Rajashekara
.
Power electronics and motor drives in electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
6 ,
2237 -
2245
-
8)
-
D. Casadei ,
F. Profumo ,
G. Serra ,
A. Tani
.
FOC and DTC: two viable schemes for induction motor torque control.
IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
,
5 ,
779 -
787
-
9)
-
M. Barut ,
S. Bogosyan ,
M. Gokasan
.
Experimental evaluation of braided EKF for sensorless control of induction motors.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
2 ,
620 -
632
-
10)
-
P.N. Tekwani ,
R. Kanchan ,
K. Gopakumar
.
Current-error space-vector-based hysteresis PWM controller for three-level voltage source inverter fed drives.
IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl.
,
5 ,
1283 -
1295
-
11)
-
14. Bazzi, A.M., Krein, P.T.: ‘Comparative evaluation of machines for electric and hybrid vehicles based on dynamic operation and loss minimization’. Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2010, pp. 3345–3351.
-
12)
-
M. Barut ,
S. Bogosyan ,
M. Gokasan
.
Speed-sensorless estimation for induction motors using extended kalman filters.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
1 ,
272 -
280
-
13)
-
F. Fernandez-Bernal ,
A. Garcia-Cerrada ,
R. Faure
.
Model-based loss minimization for DC and AC vector-controlled motors including core saturation.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
,
3 ,
755 -
763
-
14)
-
5. Vaez-Zadeh, S., Jalali, E.: ‘Combined vector control and direct torque control method for high performance induction motor drives’, Elsevier J. Energy Convers. Manage., 2007, 48, (5), pp. 3095–3101.
-
15)
-
F. Abrahamsen ,
F. Blaabjerg ,
J.K. Pedersen ,
P.B. Thoegersen
.
Efficiency-optimized control of medium-size induction motor drives.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
,
6 ,
1761 -
1767
-
16)
-
17. Lim, S., Nam, K.: ‘Loss-minimising control scheme for induction motors’, IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl., 2004, 151, (4), pp. 385–397 (doi: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040384).
-
17)
-
19. Farasat, M., Karaman, E., Trzynadlowski, A.M., Fadali, M.S.: ‘Hybrid field orientation and direct torque control for electric vehicle motor drive with an extended Kalman filter’. Proc. IEEE EnergyTech Conf., May 2012.
-
18)
-
9. Cirrincione, M., Accetta, A., Pucci, M., Vitale, G.: ‘MRAS speed observer for high-performance linear induction motor drives based on linear neural networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (1), pp. 123–134 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2200506).
-
19)
-
6. Rama Prasad Reddy, M., Brahmananda Reddy, T., Brahmaiah, B.: ‘Hysteresis current control schemes for vector controlled induction motor drives’, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 2013, 6, (3), pp. 293–309.
-
20)
-
2. Zeraoulia, M., Benbouzid, M.E.H., Diallo, D.: ‘Electric motor drive selection issues for HEV propulsion systems: a comparative study’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2006, 55, (6), pp. 1756–1764 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2006.878719).
-
21)
-
D. Casadei ,
G. Serra ,
A. Stefani ,
A. Tani ,
L. Zarii
.
DTC drives for wide speed range applications using a robust flux-weakening algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
,
5 ,
2451 -
2461
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-est.2014.0018
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-est.2014.0018
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6