%0 Electronic Article %A A.A.A. Elgammal %A A.M. Sharaf %K hybrid photovoltaic fuel cell %K DC source %K self-regulating particle swarm optimised controller %K renewable energy scheme %K hybrid renewable green energy %K vehicle-to-grid battery-charging stations %K hybrid electric vehicles %K energy utilisation %K multiloop battery-charging regulator %K multiobjective particle swarm optimisation %K self-regulating tri-loop controller %K hybrid PV-FC DC interface %X This study presents the use of hybrid photovoltaic–fuel cell (PV–FC) renewable energy scheme for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) battery-charging stations. The hybrid PV–FC DC interface scheme is dynamically controlled using a self-regulating tri-loop controller based on multi-objective particle swarm optimisation. The proposed utilisation scheme ensures efficient DC source energy utilisation from the hybrid PV–FC DC with minimal DC current inrush conditions and a fully stabilised DC bus voltage. The multi-loop battery-charging regulator allows for hybrid (voltage, current and power) charging modes for efficient, fast charging and DC energy efficient utilisation. The proposed hybrid renewable green energy PV–FC battery-charging scheme is fully validated by simulation and laboratory prototype testing. %@ 2042-9738 %T Self-regulating particle swarm optimised controller for (photovoltaic–fuel cell) battery charging of hybrid electric vehicles %B IET Electrical Systems in Transportation %D June 2012 %V 2 %N 2 %P 77-89 %I Institution of Engineering and Technology %U https://digital-library.theiet.org/;jsessionid=od3ia7nb8fc6.x-iet-live-01content/journals/10.1049/iet-est.2011.0021 %G EN