© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study proposes a new feature descriptor, local directional mask maximum edge pattern, for image retrieval and face recognition applications. Local binary pattern (LBP) and LBP variants collect the relationship between the centre pixel and its surrounding neighbours in an image. Thus, LBP based features are very sensitive to the noise variations in an image. Whereas the proposed method collects the maximum edge patterns (MEP) and maximum edge position patterns (MEPP) from the magnitude directional edges of face/image. These directional edges are computed with the aid of directional masks. Once the directional edges (DE) are computed, the MEP and MEPP are coded based on the magnitude of DE and position of maximum DE. Further, the robustness of the proposed method is increased by integrating it with the multiresolution Gaussian filters. The performance of the proposed method is tested by conducting four experiments onopen access series of imaging studies-magnetic resonance imaging, Brodatz, MIT VisTex and Extended Yale B databases for biomedical image retrieval, texture retrieval and face recognition applications. The results after being investigated the proposed method shows a significant improvement as compared with LBP and LBP variant features in terms of their evaluation measures on respective databases.
References
-
-
1)
-
14. Kokare, M., Biswas, P.K., Chatterji, B.N.: ‘Texture image retrieval using rotated wavelet filters’, Pattern Recogn. Lett., 2007, 28, pp. 1240–1249 (doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2007.02.006).
-
2)
-
35. Yao, C.-H., Chen, S.-Y.: ‘Retrieval of translated, rotated and scaled color textures’, Pattern Recogn., 2003, 36, pp. 913–929 (doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00124-3).
-
3)
-
10. Li, L., Fieguth, P.: ‘Texture classification from random features’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2012, 34, (3), pp. 574–586 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2011.145).
-
4)
-
23. Qian, X., Hua, X.-S., Chen, P., Ke, L.: ‘PLBP: an effective local binary patterns texture descriptor with pyramid representation’, Pattern Recognit., 2011, 44, pp. 2502–2515 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2011.03.029).
-
5)
-
9. Ahmadian, A.M.: ‘An efficient texture classification algorithm using gabor wavelet’. Proc. EMBS, 2003, pp. 930–933.
-
6)
-
33. Murala, S., Maheshwari, R.P., Balasubramanian, R.: ‘Directional local extrema patterns: a new descriptor for content based image retrieval’, Int. J. Multimedia Inf. Retr., 2012, 1, (3), pp. 191–203 (doi: 10.1007/s13735-012-0008-2).
-
7)
-
39. Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: ‘Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection’. IEEE Computer Society Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005.25–25 June 2005, vol. 1, no., pp. 886–893.
-
8)
-
28. Zhang, B., Gao, Y., Zhao, S., Liu, J.: ‘Local derivative pattern versus local binary pattern: face recognition with high-order local pattern descriptor’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2010, 19, (2), pp. 533–544 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2009.2035882).
-
9)
-
34. Takala, V., Ahonen, T., Pietikainen, M.: ‘Block-based methods for image retrieval using local binary patterns’. SCIA 2005, 2005, (3450), pp. 882–891.
-
10)
-
46. Brodatz, P.: ‘Textures: a photographic album for artists and designers’ (Dover, New York, 1996).
-
11)
-
28. Xie, S., Shan, S., Chen, X., et al: ‘Fusing local patterns of gabor magnitude and phase for face recognition’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2010, 19, (5), pp. 1349–1361 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2041397).
-
12)
-
13)
-
17. Liu, G.-H., Zhang, L., Hou, Y.-K., et al: ‘Image retrieval based on multi-texton histogram’, Pattern Recogn., 2010, 43, pp. 2380–2389 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2010.02.012).
-
14)
-
1. Kherfi, M.L., Ziou, D., Bernardi, A.: ‘Image retrieval from the world wide web: issues, techniques and systems’, ACM Comput. Surv., 2004, 36, pp. 35–67 (doi: 10.1145/1013208.1013210).
-
15)
-
42. Lei, Z., Pietikainen, M., Li, S.Z.: ‘Learning discriminant face descriptor’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2014, 36, (2), pp. 289–302 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2013.112).
-
16)
-
10. Unser, M.: ‘Texture classification by wavelet packet signatures’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1993, 15, (11), pp. 1186–1191 (doi: 10.1109/34.244679).
-
17)
-
4. Murala, S., Maheshwari, R., Balasubramanian, R.: ‘Local tetra patterns: a new feature descriptor for content-based image retrieval’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2012, 21, (5), pp. 2874–2886 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2012.2188809).
-
18)
-
18. Liu, G.-H., Li, Z.-Y., Zhang, L., et al: ‘Image retrieval based on micro-structure descriptor’, Pattern Recogn., 2011, 44, pp. 2123–2133 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2011.02.003).
-
19)
-
38. Chen, J., Shan, S., He, C., et al: ‘WLD: a robust local image descriptor’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2010, 32, (9), pp. 1705–1720 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2009.155).
-
20)
-
20. Ling, H., Soatto, S., Ramanathan, N., et al: ‘A study of face recognition as people age’. Proc. IEEE 11th Int. Conf. Computer Vision, 2007, pp. 1–8.
-
21)
-
31. Murala, S., Maheshwari, R.P., Balasubramanian, R.: ‘Directional binary wavelet patterns for biomedical image indexing and retrieval’, J. Med. Syst., 2012, 36, (5), pp. 2865–2879 (doi: 10.1007/s10916-011-9764-4).
-
22)
-
23)
-
15. Kokare, M., Biswas, P.K., Chatterji, B.N.: ‘Texture image retrieval using new rotated complex wavelet filters’, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern., 2005, 33, (6), pp. 1168–1178 (doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2005.850176).
-
24)
-
16. Kokare, M., Biswas, P.K., Chatterji, B.N.: ‘Rotation-invariant texture image retrieval using rotated complex wavelet filters’, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern., 2006, 36, (6), pp. 1273–1282 (doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2006.874692).
-
25)
-
9. Ojala, T., Pietikäinen, M., Harwood, D.: ‘A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distributions’, Pattern Recognit., 1996, 29, (1), pp. 51–59 (doi: 10.1016/0031-3203(95)00067-4).
-
26)
-
22. Nanni, L., Brahnam, S., Lumini, A.: ‘A simple method for improving local binary patterns by considering non-uniform patterns’, Pattern Recogn., 2012, 45, pp. 3844–3852 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2012.04.007).
-
27)
-
19. Chen, H., Belhumeur, P., Jacobs, D.: ‘In search of illumination invariants’. Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision Pattern Recognition, 2000, vol. 1, pp. 254–261.
-
28)
-
3. Lew, M.S., Sebe, N., Djeraba, C., et al: ‘Content-based multimedia information retrieval: state of the art and challenges’, ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput., Commun., Appl., 2006, 2, (1), pp. 1–19 (doi: 10.1145/1126004.1126005).
-
29)
-
7. Huang, J., Kumar, S.R., Mitra, M.: ‘Combining supervised learning with color correlograms for content-based image retrieval’. Proc. 5th ACM Multimedia Conf., 1997, pp. 325–334.
-
30)
-
26. Guo, Y., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: ‘Discriminative features for texture description’, Pattern Recogn., 2012, 45, pp. 3834–3843 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2012.04.003).
-
31)
-
27. Tan, X., Triggs, B.: ‘Enhanced local texture feature sets for face recognition under difficult lighting conditions’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2010, 19, (6), pp. 1635–1650 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2042645).
-
32)
-
8. Lee, H.Y., Lee, H.K., Ha, Y.H.: ‘Spatial color descriptor for image retrieval and video segmentation’, IEEE Trans. Multimedia, 2003, 5, (3), pp. 358–367 (doi: 10.1109/TMM.2003.814792).
-
33)
-
3. Guo, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, D.: ‘Rotation invariant texture classification using LBP variance (LBPV) with global matching’, Pattern Recognit., 2010, 43, (3), pp. 706–719 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2009.08.017).
-
34)
-
2. Guo, Z., Zhang, D.: ‘A completed modeling of local binary pattern operator for texture classification’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2010, 19, (6), pp. 1657–1663 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2044957).
-
35)
-
102. Heikkilä, M., Pietikäinen, M., Schmid, C.: ‘Description of interest regions with local binary patterns’, Pattern Recogn., 2009, 42, (3), pp. 425–436 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.014).
-
36)
-
4. Scott, G., Shyu, C.-R.: ‘Knowledge-driven multidimensional indexing structure for biomedical media database retrieval’, IEEE Trans. Inf. Tech. Biomed., 2007, 11, (3), pp. 320–331 (doi: 10.1109/TITB.2006.880551).
-
37)
-
12. Abrishami Moghaddam, H., Taghizadeh Khajoie, T., Rouhi, A.H., et al: ‘Wavelet correlogram: A new approach for image indexing and retrieval’, Pattern Recognit., 2005, 38, pp. 2506–2518 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2005.05.010).
-
38)
-
10. Manjunath, B.S., Ma, W.-Y.: ‘Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1996, 18, (8), pp. 837–842 (doi: 10.1109/34.531803).
-
39)
-
43. Qi, X., Xiao, R., Li, C.-G., et al: ‘Pairwise rotation invariant co-occurrence local binary pattern’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2014, 36, (11), pp. 2199–2213 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2014.2316826).
-
40)
-
30. Murala, S., Maheshwari, R.P., Balasubramanian, R.: ‘Local maximum edge binary patterns: a new descriptor for image retrieval and object tracking’, Signal Process., 2012, 92, pp. 1467–1479 (doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2011.12.005).
-
41)
-
11. Huang, P.W., Dai, S.K.: ‘Image retrieval by texture similarity’, Pattern Recognit., 2003, 36, pp. 665–679 (doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00083-3).
-
42)
-
5. Rivera, A.R., Castillo, J.R., Chae, O.: ‘Local directional number pattern for face analysis: face and expression recognition’, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2013, 22, (5), pp. 1740–1752 (doi: 10.1109/TIP.2012.2235848).
-
43)
-
3. Smeulders, A.W., Worring, M., Santini, S., Gupta, A., Jain, R.: ‘Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2000, 22, (12), pp. 1349–1380 (doi: 10.1109/34.895972).
-
44)
-
36. Nanni, L., Lumini, A.: ‘Local binary patterns for a hybrid fingerprint matcher’, Pattern Recogn., 2008, 41, pp. 3461–3466 (doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2008.05.013).
-
45)
-
45. Marcus, D.S., Wang, T.H., Parker, J., et al: ‘Open access series of imaging studies (OASIS): Crosssectional MRI data in young, middle aged, nondemented, and demented older adults’, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 2007, 19, (9), pp. 1498–1507 (doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1498).
-
46)
-
10. Fan, B., Wu, F.C., Hu, Z.Y.: ‘Rotationally invariant descriptors using intensity order pooling’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2012, 34, (10), pp. 2031–2045 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2011.277).
-
47)
-
6. Swain, M.J., Ballard, D.H.: ‘Indexing via color histograms’. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Computer Vision, Rochester Univ., NY, 1991, pp. 11–32.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-cvi.2015.0035
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-cvi.2015.0035
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6