Three-stage electric vehicle scheduling considering stakeholders economic inconsistency and battery degradation

Bing Han; Shaofeng Lu; Fei Xue; Lin Jiang; Xiaotong Xu

Three-stage electric vehicle scheduling considering stakeholders economic inconsistency and battery degradation

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Author(s): Bing Han¹ ; Shaofeng Lu¹ ; Fei Xue¹ ; Lin Jiang² ; Xiaotong Xu¹
- Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University , Suzhou, 215123 , People's Republic of China ;
  2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics , University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 3GJ , UK
Source: Volume 2, Issue 3, October 2017, p. 102 – 110
DOI: 10.1049/iet-cps.2017.0015 , Online ISSN 2398-3396

This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

Received 31/01/2017, Accepted 14/09/2017, Revised 11/08/2017, Published 01/10/2017

This study proposes an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator operation mechanism in a residential community. The EV charging and discharging operation behaviours are scheduled to maximise the EV aggregator revenue, while EV aggregator provides reserve service for the grid. This study not only considers the energy and information interactions between three stakeholders: EV aggregator, EV owners, and power grids, but also the economic interests of aggregator and owners are considered. The aggregator-owner economic inconsistency issue (EV owners get higher charging cost in aggregator scheduling than self-scheduling) is presented. In order to mediate this issue, a rebate factor is proposed. In the first stage, the objective is to minimise the day-ahead (DA) charging cost of EV owners. Then the second stage is to maximise DA aggregator revenue with different rebate values. Finally, in the third stage, a real-time scheduling strategy is proposed to maximise aggregator revenue using the optimal rebate value. In addition, the battery degradation in influencing scheduling is formulated. Scheduling results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, e.g. economic inconsistency of different parties can be mediated. Significant reduction of EV owners’ cost from self-scheduling can be achieved while the revenue of EV aggregator is maximised under the proposed strategy.

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Three-stage electric vehicle scheduling considering stakeholders economic inconsistency and battery degradation

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