access icon free Low noise, −50 dB second harmonic distortion single-ended to differential switched-capacitive variable gain amplifier for ultrasound imaging

A low noise, low power, single-ended to differential switched-capacitor variable gain amplifier (SC-VGA) is designed and fabricated in 0.18 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology for a 2–6 MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging system. The SC-VGA has 10-bit dB-linear gain steps from −14 to 32 dB which are distributed into two stages, and each stage has a single-stage operational trans-conductance amplifier using floating capacitors to save the power and improve the noise performance. The first stage converts the single-ended input to differential outputs with the 2-bit gain control from 0 to 18 dB, and the second stage exploits 8-bit capacitor arrays to control the gain from −14 to 14 dB. The measured results show that the second harmonic distortion is <−50 dB, the third harmonic distortion is <−50 dB and the integrated noise from 2 to 6 MHz at the output is −64 dBm at the maximum gain and a sampling frequency of 30 MHz. The simulation results match well with the measured results. The SC-VGA works at a supply voltage of 1.6 V and consumes the current of 900 µA. The die size of the SC-VGA is 387 µm × 502 µm.

Inspec keywords: operational amplifiers; low noise amplifiers; biomedical imaging; biomedical ultrasonics; harmonic distortion; differential amplifiers; low-power electronics; switched capacitor networks; CMOS analogue integrated circuits; ultrasonic imaging

Other keywords: SC-VGA; floating capacitors; second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging system; voltage 1.6 V; capacitor arrays; gain -14 dB to 18 dB; frequency 2 MHz to 6 MHz; low noise second harmonic distortion single-ended to differential switched-capacitive variable gain amplifier; word length 10 bit; single-stage operational transconductance amplifier; size 0.18 mum; complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology; current 900 muA

Subjects: CMOS integrated circuits; Sonic and ultrasonic applications; Amplifiers; Sonic and ultrasonic radiation (biomedical imaging/measurement)

http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-cds.2014.0364
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content/journals/10.1049/iet-cds.2014.0364
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