Integrated charge pumps: a generalised method for power efficiency optimisation

Alessandro Cabrini; Stefano Gregori; Guido Torelli

Integrated charge pumps: a generalised method for power efficiency optimisation

View Fulltext

Author(s): Alessandro Cabrini ¹ ; Stefano Gregori ² ; Guido Torelli ¹
- Affiliations: 1: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy ;
  2: School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Source: Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2016, p. 12 – 19
DOI: 10.1049/iet-cds.2014.0185 , Print ISSN 1751-858X, Online ISSN 1751-8598

Received 14/01/2015, Accepted 30/03/2015, Published 01/01/2016

Charge pumps (CPs) represent the most common solution for the implementation of fully integrated DC–DC converters. In fact, as opposed to buck/boost DC–DC converters, that need at least an external inductor, charge pump circuits do not require any external component. However, the achievable power efficiency of these circuits is typically significantly lower than power efficiency of buck/boost DC–DC converters. In this study, we develop a general mathematical model of CPs, aiming to provide basic design considerations for power efficiency optimisation. A quality factor for achievable power efficiency is proposed together with guidelines for the design of efficiency-optimised CPs under the constraint of given output voltage and current values.

References

1. 1)
  - 7. Favrat, P., Deval, P., Declercq, M.: ‘A high-efficiency CMOS voltage doubler’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1998, 33, (3), pp. 410–416 (doi: 10.1109/4.661206).
2. 2)
  - 14. Tsividis, Y.: ‘Analysis of switched capacitive networks’, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., 1979, 26, (11), pp. 935–947 (doi: 10.1109/TCS.1979.1084588).
3. 3)
  - 17. Allasasmeh, Y., Gregori, S.: ‘A performance comparison of Dickson and Fibonacci charge pumps’. Proc. of European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design, ECCTD 2009, 2009, pp. 599–602.
4. 4)
  - 15. Makowski, M., Maksimovic, D.: ‘Performance limits of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters’. Rec. 26th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf., PESC 1995, June 1995, vol. 2, pp. 1215–1221.
5. 5)
  - 23. Cristaldi, D.J., Pennisi, S., Pulvirenti, F.: ‘Charge pumps for LCD drivers’, in ‘Liquid crystal display drivers’ (Springer, Netherlands, 2009), pp. 237–266.
6. 6)
  - 13. Palumbo, G., Pappalardo, D., Gaibotti, M.: ‘Charge-pump circuits: power-consumption optimization’, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl., 2002, 49, (11), pp. 1535–1542 (doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2002.804544).
7. 7)
  - 11. Young, C., Chen, M., Chang, T., Ko, C., Jen, K.: ‘Cascade Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier applied to transformerless high step-up DC–DC converter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (2), pp. 523–537 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2188255).
8. 8)
  - 9. Yoo, C., Lee, K.-L.: ‘A low-ripple poly-Si TFT charge pump for driver-integrated LCD panel’, IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 2005, 51, (2), pp. 606–610 (doi: 10.1109/TCE.2005.1468007).
9. 9)
  - 16. Seeman, M., Sanders, S.: ‘Analysis and optimization of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2008, 23, (2), pp. 841–851 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.915182).
10. 10)
  - 18. van Steenwijk, G., Hoen, K., Wallinga, H.: ‘Analysis and design of a charge pump circuit for high output current applications’. Proc. of 19th Europ. Solid-State Circuits Conf., ESSCIRC 1993, September 1993, pp. 118–121.
11. 11)
  - 8. Ying, T., Ki, W.-H., Chan, M.: ‘Area-efficient CMOS charge pumps for LCD drivers’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38, (10), pp. 1721–1725 (doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.817596).
12. 12)
  - 12. Emira, A., AbdelGhany, M., Elsayed, M., Elshurafa, A., Sedky, S., Salama, K.: ‘All-pMOS 50-V charge pumps using low-voltage capacitors’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (10), pp. 4683–4693 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2213674).
13. 13)
  - 4. Wester, G., Middlebrook, R.: ‘Low-frequency characterization of switched dc-dc converters’, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 1973, AES-9, (3), pp. 376–385 (doi: 10.1109/TAES.1973.309723).
14. 14)
  - 6. Umezawa, A., Atsumi, S., Kuriyama, M., et al: ‘A 5-V-only operation 0.6-μm flash EEPROM with row decoder scheme in triple-well structure’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1992, 27, (11), pp. 1540–1546 (doi: 10.1109/4.165334).
15. 15)
  - 19. Oota, I., Hara, N., Ueno, F.: ‘A general method for deriving output resistances of serial fixed type switched-capacitor power supplies’. Proc. of IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2000, May 2000, vol. 3, pp. 503–506.
16. 16)
  - 21. Ueno, F., Inoue, T., Oota, I., Harada, I.: ‘Emergency power supply for small computer systems’. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 1991, June 1991, pp. 1065–1068.
17. 17)
  - 20. Ben-Yaakov, S., Kushnerov, A.: ‘Algebraic foundation of self adjusting switched capacitors converters’. Proc. of IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2009, September 2009, pp. 1582–1589.
18. 18)
  - 4. Hwang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-C.: ‘A new CMOS analog front end for RFID tags’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, (7), pp. 2299–2307 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2011348).
19. 19)
  - 2. Kempitiya, A., Borca-Tasciuc, D., Hella, M.: ‘Low-power asic for microwatt electrostatic energy harvesters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (12), pp. 5639–5647 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2230891).
20. 20)
  - 10. Cabrini, A., Gobbi, L., Torelli, G.: ‘Enhanced charge pump for ultra-low-voltage applications’, Electron. Lett., 2006, 42, (9), pp. 512–514 (doi: 10.1049/el:20060565).
21. 21)
  - 24. Baderna, D., Cabrini, A., Pasotti, M., Torelli, G.: ‘Power efficiency evaluation in Dickson and voltage doubler charge pump topologies’, Microelectron. J., 2006, 37, (10), pp. 1128–1135 (doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.12.013).
22. 22)
  - 5. Dickson, J.: ‘On-chip high-voltage generation in MNOS integrated circuits using an improved voltage multiplier technique’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1976, 11, (3), pp. 374–378 (doi: 10.1109/JSSC.1976.1050739).
23. 23)
  - 22. Tanzawa, T., Tanaka, T.: ‘A dynamic analysis of the Dickson charge pump circuit’, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1997, 32, (8), pp. 1231–1240 (doi: 10.1109/4.604079).
24. 24)
  - 1. Colomer-Farrarons, J., Miribel-Catala, P., Saiz-Vela, A., Samitier, J.: ‘A multiharvested self-powered system in a low-voltage low-power technology’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, 58, (9), pp. 4250–4263 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2095395).

Login

Not registered yet?

Share

Tools

Login to add to favourites

Key

Integrated charge pumps: a generalised method for power efficiency optimisation

References

Related content