© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Gain and phase mismatch effects of a double image rejection transmitter (DIRT) are examined by using error vector magnitude (EVM), image rejection ratio (IRR) and a union bound on the symbol error rate (SER). Although the DIRT has been utilised in many applications, the relationship between EVM and the IRR has not been previously reported. To analyse the relationship between EVM and IRR, the EVM functions are obtained using a complex envelope based matrix model and the IRR functions are approximated to provide insight into the gain and phase mismatch effects. Furthermore, the transmitter architecture has a lower sensitivity on both gain and phase mismatches under a proposed intermediate frequency (IF) gain condition, defined as gain condition-II. The system simulation results show that the IRR greater than 40 dBc can be achieved with 1 dB IF gain mismatch over the phase mismatch variations of −8° to 8°. The SER simulation results are also given for evaluating the system performance.
References
-
-
1)
-
J.K. Cavers ,
M.W. Liao
.
Adaptive compensation for imbalance and offset losses in direct conversion transceivers.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
4 ,
581 -
588
-
2)
-
M. Zargari ,
D.K. Su ,
C.P. Yue ,
S. Rabii ,
D. Weber ,
B.J. Kaczynski ,
S.S. Mehta ,
K. Singh ,
S. Mendis ,
B.A. Wooley
.
A 5-GHz CMOS transceiver for IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN systems.
IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
,
12 ,
1688 -
1694
-
3)
-
Weldon, J.A.: `High performance CMOS transmitters for wireless communications', 2005, PhD, University of California, Department Electrical Engineering & Computing Sciences, Berkeley, USA, p. 131–160.
-
4)
-
J.G. Proakis
.
(1995)
Digital communications.
-
5)
-
J.C. Rudell ,
J.J. Ou ,
T.B. Cho
.
A 1.9-GHz wide-band IF double conversion CMOS receiver for cordless telephone applications.
IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
,
12 ,
2071 -
2088
-
6)
-
M.A.I. Elmala ,
S.H.K. Embabi
.
Calibration of phase and gain mismatches in Weaver image-reject receiver.
IEEE J. Solid State Circuits
,
2 ,
283 -
289
-
7)
-
T.H. Lee
.
(1998)
The design of CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits.
-
8)
-
A. Georgiadis
.
Gain, phase imbalance, and phase noise effects on error vector magnitude.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
2 ,
443 -
449
-
9)
-
J.A. Weldon ,
J.C. Rudell ,
L. Lin ,
R. Sekhar Narayanaswami ,
M. Otsuka ,
S. Dedieu ,
L. Tee ,
K.-C. Tsai ,
C.-W. Lee ,
P.R. Gray
.
A 1.75 GHz highly integrated narrow-band CMOS transmitter with harmonic-rejection mixers.
IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
,
12 ,
2003 -
2015
-
10)
-
B. Razavi
.
(1998)
RF microelectronics.
-
11)
-
S. Cho ,
H.S. Lee
.
Effect of phase mismatch on image rejection in weaver architecture.
IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett.
,
1 ,
70 -
72
-
12)
-
B. Razavi
.
A 900-MHz/1.8-GHz CMOS transmitter for dual-band application.
IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
,
5 ,
573 -
579
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0156
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0156
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6