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access icon free Improved imperceptible visible watermarking algorithm for auxiliary information delivery

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 02/08/2017, Accepted 20/12/2017, Revised 10/12/2017, Published 03/01/2018

An imperceptible visible watermarking (IVW) algorithm is proposed to deliver auxiliary information about the visual contents, including ownership information. The proposed algorithm overcomes several inconveniences presented in previously reported IVW algorithms using the just noticeable difference (JND) criterion, invisible watermarking and binarisation function. The proposed algorithm consists of the visible watermark embedding and the exhibition stages. The JND criterion is used to embed visible watermark pattern in an imperceptible manner by the human visual system, while invisible watermarking based on the discrete cosine transform is used to share crucial parameters between both stages, which makes possible the watermark visualisation without any side information. In the watermark exhibition stage, the imperceptibly embedded visible watermark pattern is exhibited by the binarisation function. The proposed algorithm can be applied to any class of images with different characteristics and several visible watermark patterns can be embedded into an input image. Evaluation results show that performance of the proposed algorithm is better compared with previously reported algorithms from several practical points of view.

Inspec keywords: discrete cosine transforms; image watermarking; functions

Other keywords: auxiliary information delivery; watermark visualisation; just noticeable difference criterion; discrete cosine transform; human visual system; binarisation function; JND criterion; imperceptible visible watermarking algorithm; IVW algorithms

Subjects: Image and video coding; Integral transforms; Integral transforms; Computer vision and image processing techniques

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