© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Human signatures are widely used for biometric authentication. For automatic online signature verification, rather than storing an image of the completed signature, data are represented in the form of a time series of pen position and status information allowing the extraction of temporal-based features. For visualisation purposes, signature images need to be recreated from time-series data. In this study, the authors investigate the accuracy and verification performance of a series of interpolation methods for recreating a signature image from the time-series data contained in two ISO/IEC data storage formats. The authors experiments investigate dynamic data stored at various sample rates and signature images recreated at differing resolutions. Their study indicates possible best practice in terms of image recreation method, recreated image resolution and temporal sample rate and assesses the effect on the accuracy of reconstructed signature data.
References
-
-
1)
-
A. Kholmatov ,
B. Yanikoglu
.
Identity authentication using improved online signature verification method.
Pattern Recognit. Lett.
,
15 ,
2400 -
2408
-
2)
-
16. Fierrez-Aguilar, J., Alonso-Hermira, N., Moreno-Marquez, G., Ortega-Garcia, J.: ‘An off-line signature verification system based on fusion of local and global information’, in Maltoni, D., Jain, A.K. (Eds.): ‘Biometric Authentication, Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science’ (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, vol. 3087, 2004), pp. 295–306.
-
3)
-
H. Lei ,
V. Govindaraju
.
A comparative study on the consistency of features in on-line signature verification.
Pattern Recognit. Lett.
,
15 ,
2483 -
2489
-
4)
-
18. Miguel-Hurtado, O.: ‘Online signature verification algorithms and development of signature international standards’. , Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, 2012.
-
5)
-
E. Meijering
.
A chronology of interpolation.
Proc. IEEE
,
3 ,
319 -
342
-
6)
-
R. Plamondon ,
G. Lorette
.
Automatic signature verification and writer identification – the state of the art.
Pattern Recognit.
,
107 -
131
-
7)
-
J. Ortega-Garcia ,
J. Fierrez-Aguilar ,
D. Simon
.
MCYT baseline corpus: a bimodal biometric database.
IEE Proc. Vis. Image Sensor
,
395 -
401
-
8)
-
A.K. Jain ,
F.D. Griess ,
S.D. Connell
.
On-line signature verification.
Pattern Recognit.
,
12 ,
2963 -
2972
-
9)
-
D. Impedovo ,
G. Pirlo
.
Automatic signature verification: the state of the art.
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.
,
609 -
635
-
10)
-
M. Ferrer ,
J.B. Alonso ,
C. Travieso
.
Offline geometric parameters for automatic signature verification using fixed point arithmetic.
IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Artif. Intell.
,
993 -
997
-
11)
-
4. Lei, H., Govindaraju, V.: ‘A comparative study on the consistency of features in on-line signature verification’, Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2005, 26, (15), pp. 2483–2489 (doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.05.005).
-
12)
-
17. Ferrer, M.A., Alonso, J.B., Travieso, C.M.: ‘Offline geometric parameters for automatic signature verification using fixed-point arithmetic’, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2005, 27, pp. 993–997 (doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.125).
-
13)
-
1. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘Automatic signature verification: the state of the art’, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. C, Appl. Rev., 2008, 38, (5), pp. 609–635 (doi: 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923866).
-
14)
-
11. Ortega-Garcia, J., Fierrez-Aguilar, J., Simon, D., et al: ‘MCYT baseline corpus: a bimodal biometric database’, IEE Proc. Vis. Image Process., 2003, 150, (6), pp. 395–401 (doi: 10.1049/ip-vis:20031078).
-
15)
-
8. Kholmatov, A., Yanikoglu, B.: ‘Identity authentication using improved online signature verification method’, Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2005, 26, (15), pp. 2400–2408 (doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.04.017).
-
16)
-
5. Franke, K., Grube, G.: ‘The automatic extraction of pseudodynamic information from static images of handwriting based on marked gray value segmentation’, J. Forensic Doc. Examination, 1998, 11, pp. 17–38.
-
17)
-
16. Fierrez-Aguilar, J., Alonso-Hermira, N., Moreno-Marquez, G., Ortega-Garcia, J.: ‘An off-line signature verification system based on fusion of local and global information’, in Maltoni, D., Jain, A.K. (Eds.): ‘Biometric Authentication, Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science’ (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, vol. 3087, 2004), pp. 295–306.
-
18)
-
15. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L., Stasolla, E., Trullo, C.A.: ‘Analysis of stability in static signatures using cosine similarity’. Proc. XIII Int. Conf. Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2012), Monopoli, Bari, Italy, 18–20 September 2012, pp. 231–235.
-
19)
-
18. Miguel-Hurtado, O.: ‘Online signature verification algorithms and development of signature international standards’. , Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, 2012.
-
20)
-
3. Plamondon, R., Lorette, G.: ‘Automatic signature verification and writer identification – the state of the art’, Pattern Recognit., 1989, 22, (2), pp. 107–131 (doi: 10.1016/0031-3203(89)90059-9).
-
21)
-
13. Meijering, E.: ‘A chronology of interpolation: from ancient astronomy to modern signal and image processing’, Proc. IEEE, 2002, 90, (3), pp. 319–342 (doi: 10.1109/5.993400).
-
22)
-
23)
-
12. de Boor, C.: ‘A practical guide to splines’ (Springer, New York, 1979).
-
24)
-
9. Martinez-Diaz, M., Fierrez-Aguilar, J., Freire, M., Ortega-Garcia, J.: ‘On the effects of sampling rate and interpolation in HMM-based dynamic signature verification’. Proc. ICDAR 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, 2007, pp. 1113–1117.
-
25)
-
26)
-
6. Sita, J., Rogers, D.: ‘Changes in forgers’ handwriting pressure related to the original writer's dynamics’, J. Forensic Doc. Examination, 1999, 12, pp. 101–112.
-
27)
-
2. Jain, A., Griess, F., Connell, S.: ‘On-line signature verification’, Pattern Recognit., 2002, 35, (12), pp. 2963–2972 (doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00240-0).
-
28)
-
14. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘Stability analysis of static signatures for automatic signature verification’. Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2011), 14–16 September 2011, pp. 241–247.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-bmt.2013.0022
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-bmt.2013.0022
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6