References

• 1. 1)
     • 10. Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Lucchese, M.G., Modugno, R., Pirlo, G.: ‘Recent advancements in automatic signature verification’. Proc. Ninth Int. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-9), Kichijoji, October 25–29, 2004, pp. 179–184.
  2. 2)
     • 26. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘Static signature verification by optical flow analysis’. Proc. First Int. Workshop on Automated Forensic Handwriting Analysis, Beijing, China, 17–18 September 2011, pp. 31–35.
  3. 3)
     • 28. Gonzalez, R.C., Woods, R.E.: ‘Digital image processing’ (Prentice-Hall, 2002).
  4. 4)
     • 1. Vielhauer, C.: ‘A behavioural biometrics’, Public Serv. Rev.: Eur. Union, 2005, pp. 113–115.
  5. 5)
     • 19. Congedo, G., Dimauro, G., Forte, A.M., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.: ‘Selecting reference signatures for on–line signature verification’, inBraccini, C., De Floriani, L., Vernazza, G., (Eds.): Proc. Eighth Int. Conf. on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP-8), (LNCS, 974), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, San Remo, Italy, September 1995, pp. 521–526.
  6. 6)
     • 16. Houmani, N., Garcia-Salicetti, S., Dorizzi, B.: ‘On assessing the robustness of pen coordinates, pen pressure and pen inclination to time variability with personal entropy’. Proc. IEEE Third Int. Conf. on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, 2009 (BTAS'09), Washington, DC, 28–30 September 2009, pp. 1–6.
  7. 7)
     • 7. Huang, K., Yan, H.: ‘Stability and style-variation modeling for on-line signature verification’, Pattern Recognit., 2003, 36, (10), pp. 2253–2270 (doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(03)00126-2).
  8. 8)
     • 11. Yan, J.H., Rountree, S., Massman, P., Doody, R.S., Li, : ‘Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment deteriorate fine movement control’, J. Psychiatry Res., 2008, 42, pp. 1203–1212 (doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.006).
  9. 9)
     • 27. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L., Stasolla, E., Trullo, C.A.: ‘Analysis of stability in static signatures using cosine similarity’. Proc. XIII Int. Conf. on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2012), Monopoli, Bari, Italy, 18–20 September 2012, pp. 231–235.
  10. 10)
      • 30. Tselios, K., Zois, E.N., Siores, E., Nassiopoulos, A., Economou, G.: ‘Grid-based feature distributions for off-line signature verification’, IET Biometrics, 2012, 1, (1), pp. 1–10 (doi: 10.1049/iet-bmt.2011.0011).
  11. 11)
      • 31. Favata, J., Srikantan, G.: ‘A multiple feature resolution approach to hand-printed digit and character recognition’, Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol., 1996, 7, (4), pp. 304–311 (doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(199624)7:4<304::AID-IMA5>3.0.CO;2-C).
  12. 12)
      • 24. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G., Stasolla, E., Trullo, C.A.: ‘Learning local correspondences for static signature verification’. Proc. 11th Int. Conf. of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA 2009), Reggio Emilia, Italy, 9–12 December 2009.
  13. 13)
      • 15. Garcia-Salicetti, S., Houmani, N., Dorizzi, B.: ‘A client-entropy measure for on-line signatures’. Proc. IEEE Biometrics Symp. (BSYM'08), Tampa, Fla, USA, September 2008, pp. 83–88.
  14. 14)
      • 36. Vargas, J.F., Ferrer, M.A., Travieso, C.M., Alonso, J.B.: ‘Offline signature verification based on Pseudo-Cepstral coefficients’. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2009, pp. 126–130.
  15. 15)
      • 37. Nguyen, V., Kawazoe, Y., Wakabayashi, T., Pal, U., Blumentein, M.: ‘Performance analysis of the gradient feature and the modified direction feature for off-line signature verification’. Proc. 2010 Int. Conf. on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Kolkata, India, pp. 303–307.
  16. 16)
      • 8. Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.: ‘Verification of handwritten signatures: an overview’. Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2007, IEEE Computer Society Press, September, 11–13, 2007, Modena, Italy, pp. 191–196.
  17. 17)
      • 18. Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Modugno, R., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L.: ‘Analysis of stability in hand-written dynamic signatures’. Proc. Eighth Int. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-8), Ontario, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, August 2002, pp. 259–263.
  18. 18)
      • 13. Lei, H., Govindaraju, V.: ‘A comparative study on the consistency of features in on-line signature verification’, Pattern Recognit. Lett., 2005, 26, pp. 2483–2489 (doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.05.005).
  19. 19)
      • 12. Van Gemmert, W., Adler, C.H., Stelmach, G.E.: ‘Parkinson's disease patients undershoot target size in handwriting and similar tasks’, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2003, 74, pp. 1502–1508 (doi: 10.1136/jnnp.74.11.1502).
  20. 20)
      • 5. Leclerc, F., Plamondon, R.: ‘Automatic signature verification: the state of the art – 1989–1993’, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. (IJPRAI), 1994, 8, (3), pp. 643–660 (doi: 10.1142/S0218001494000346).
  21. 21)
      • 20. Di Lecce, V., Dimauro, G., Guerriero, A., et al: ‘Selection of reference signatures for automatic signature verification’. Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR-5), Bangalore, India, 20–22 September, 1999, pp. 597–600.
  22. 22)
      • 29. Otsu, N.: ‘A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms’, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., 1979, 9, (1), pp. 62–66 (doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076).
  23. 23)
      • 35. Yilmaz, M.B., Yanikoglu, B., Tirkaz, C., Kholmatov, A.: ‘Offline signature verification using classifier combination of HOG and LBP features’. Proc. Int. Joint Conf. on Biometrics (IJCB), 11–13 October 2011, pp. 1–7.
  24. 24)
      • 22. Bovino, L., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Sarcinella, L.: ‘Multi-expert verification of hand-written signatures’. Proc. Seventh Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR-7), IEEE Computer Society, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 2003, pp. 932–936.
  25. 25)
      • 9. Djioua, M., Plamondon, R.: ‘Studying the variability of handwriting patterns using the kinematic theory’, Hum. Mov. Sci., 2009, 28, (5), pp. 588–601 (doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.01.005).
  26. 26)
      • 34. Pirlo, G.: ‘Algorithms for signature verification’, inImpedovo, S., (Ed.): Proc. of NATO-ASI Series Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, pp. 433–454.
  27. 27)
      • 17. Congedo, G., Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G.: ‘A new methodology for the measurement of local stability in dynamical signatures’. Proc. Fourth Int. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-4), Taipei, Taiwan, December 1994, pp. 135–144.
  28. 28)
      • 23. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘On the measurement of local stability of handwriting – an application to static signature verification’. Proc. Biometric Measurements and Systems for Security and Medical Applications (BIOMS 2010), IEEE Computer Society Press, Taranto, Italy, 9September 2010, pp. 41–44.
  29. 29)
      • 14. Schomaker, L.R.B., Plamondon, R.: ‘The relation between axial pen force and pen–point Kinematics in handwriting’, Biol. Cybernet., 1990, 63, pp. 277–289 (doi: 10.1007/BF00203451).
  30. 30)
      • 2. Plamondon, R.: ‘A kinematic theory of rapid human movements: Part I: movement representation and generation’, Biol. Cybernet., 1995, 72, (4), pp. 295–307 (doi: 10.1007/BF00202785).
  31. 31)
      • 21. Di Lecce, V., Dimauro, G., Guerriero, A., Impedovo, A., Pirlo, G., Salzo, A.: ‘A multi–expert system for dynamic signature verification’, inKittler, H.J., Roli, F., (Eds.): Proc. First Int. Workshop, Multiple Classifier Systems (MCS 2000), (LNCS, 1857), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Cagliari, Italy, June 2000, pp. 320–329.
  32. 32)
      • 4. Plamondon, R., Lorette, G.: ‘Automatic signature verification and writer identification – the state of the art’, Pattern Recognit., 1989, 22, (2), pp. 107–131 (doi: 10.1016/0031-3203(89)90059-9).
  33. 33)
      • 33. Yoshimura, M., Yoshimura, I.: ‘Investigation of a verification system for Japanese countersignatures on traveler's checks’, Trans. IEICE, 1997, J80–D–II, (7), pp. 1764–1773.
  34. 34)
      • 3. Plamondon, R., Djioua, M.: ‘A multi-level representation paradigm for handwriting stroke generation’, Hum. Mov. Sci., 2006, 25, (4–5), pp. 586–607 (doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2006.07.004).
  35. 35)
      • 32. Vargas, J.F., Ferrer, M.A., Travieso, C.M., Alonso, J.B.: ‘Off-line handwritten signature GPDS-960 corpus’. Proc. Ninth ICDAR, 23–26 September 2007, vol. 2, pp.764–768.
  36. 36)
      • 25. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘Stability analysis of static signatures for automatic signature verification’. Proc. 16th Int. Conf. of Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2011), (LNCS, 6979), Springer Publication, Ravenna, 14–16 September 2011, pp. 241–247.
  37. 37)
      • 6. Impedovo, D., Pirlo, G.: ‘Automatic signature verification – the state of the art’, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. C, Appl. Rev., 2008, 38, (5), pp. 609–635 (doi: 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923866).