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access icon openaccess Review of different fault detection methods and their impact on pre-emptive VSC-HVDC dc protection performance

This is an open access article published by the IET and CEPRI under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
Received 19/02/2017, Accepted 28/08/2017, Revised 25/08/2017, Published 29/08/2017

Multi-terminal voltage-sourced converters (VSC) high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is expected to play a vital role in future power systems. Compared with ac power transmission, dc transmission is more vulnerable to faults due to low dc-side impedances and sensitive power electronics in the converters. Dc protection issues must be tackled before any multi-terminal VSC-HVDC grid can be built. The multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system is studied in detail using switching models for two-level converters, detailed equivalent models for the modular multi-level converters, detailed hybrid circuit breaker switching models and frequency-dependent phase models for dc cables. Using such high-fidelity system models, a systematic study of HVDC fault protection methodologies in more detail than previous studies is conducted. This is the first comprehensive study that includes pre-emptive circuit breaker operation. The results presented in this study underline the benefits of such a detailed treatment of the breaker, and of considering it as part of a fast power electronics system rather than isolated dc equipment. The study identifies the best existing fault detection method and tests it extensively. In order to further improve post-fault system recovery response, which is a key but often neglected part of previous studies, a novel bump-less transfer control has been implemented in the converters.

Inspec keywords: circuit breakers; fault diagnosis; voltage-source convertors; HVDC power convertors; HVDC power transmission; power transmission protection; power transmission faults

Other keywords: high-voltage direct current transmission system; modular multilevel converters; low dc-side impedances; preemptive VSC-HVDC dc protection performance; dc cables; power electronics system; bump-less transfer control; HVDC transmission system; fault detection methods; hybrid circuit breaker switching models; post-fault system recovery response; multiterminal voltage-sourced converters; frequency-dependent phase models; two-level converters; sensitive power electronics; HVDC fault protection methodologies

Subjects: Switchgear; DC-AC power convertors (invertors); d.c. transmission; Power system protection

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