access icon openaccess Algorithm for heart rate extraction in a novel wearable acoustic sensor

Phonocardiography is a widely used method of listening to the heart sounds and indicating the presence of cardiac abnormalities. Each heart cycle consists of two major sounds – S1 and S2 – that can be used to determine the heart rate. The conventional method of acoustic signal acquisition involves placing the sound sensor at the chest where this sound is most audible. Presented is a novel algorithm for the detection of S1 and S2 heart sounds and the use of them to extract the heart rate from signals acquired by a small sensor placed at the neck. This algorithm achieves an accuracy of 90.73 and 90.69%, with respect to heart rate value provided by two commercial devices, evaluated on more than 38 h of data acquired from ten different subjects during sleep in a pilot clinical study. This is the largest dataset for acoustic heart sound classification and heart rate extraction in the literature to date. The algorithm in this study used signals from a sensor designed to monitor breathing. This shows that the same sensor and signal can be used to monitor both breathing and heart rate, making it highly useful for long-term wearable vital signs monitoring.

Inspec keywords: medical signal processing; feature extraction; biomedical transducers; phonocardiography; patient monitoring; data acquisition; pneumodynamics; acoustic signal processing; body sensor networks; signal classification; acoustic transducers

Other keywords: heart rate extraction; heart cycle; novel wearable acoustic sensor; dataset; long-term wearable vital signs monitoring; heart rate extraction algorithm; commercial devices; signal acquisition; data acquisition; S2 heart sound detection; S1 heart sound detection; acoustic signal acquisition; heart sound listening; phonocardiography; breathing monitoring; cardiac abnormalities; acoustic heart sound classification

Subjects: Data acquisition systems; Sonic and ultrasonic radiation (medical uses); Sensing and detecting devices; Sonic and ultrasonic applications; Haemodynamics, pneumodynamics; Digital signal processing; Sonic and ultrasonic transducers and sensors; Data acquisition equipment and techniques; Data gathering, processing, and recording, data displays including digital techniques; Sensing devices and transducers; Biology and medical computing; Sonic and ultrasonic radiation (biomedical imaging/measurement); Wireless sensor networks; Patient diagnostic methods and instrumentation; Signal processing and detection

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