© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
A new design framework for implantable antennas to reduce detuning effects due to various dielectric properties is presented. Conventionally, in order to overcome the detuning effects, it is highly demanded to have a broadband impedance matching to compensate the frequency shift. However, achieving a wider impedance bandwidth leads to larger antenna dimensions, and lack a mathematical treatment to optimise implantable antennas against the variation of tissue properties to date. A new methodology based on robust parameter design is proposed to cope with the detuning effects. Instead of designing the antenna in one single tissue environment, the proposed technique analyses the variation of dielectric properties in distinct tissue environments. The optimised performances show that robust impedance matching in the medical implant communication services band is achieved, although the dielectric constant varies from 35 to 55. Simulated and measured results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed design methodology.
References
-
-
1)
-
5. Gabriel, S., Lau, R., Gabriel, C.: ‘The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz’, Phys. Med. Biol., 1996, 41, pp. 2251–2269 (doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/002).
-
2)
-
4. Lee, C.-M., Yo, T.-C., Luo, C.-H., et al: ‘Compact broadband stacked implantable antenna for biotelemetry with medical devices’, Electron. Lett., 2007, 43, (12), pp. 660–662 (doi: 10.1049/el:20070463).
-
3)
-
8. Huang, W., Kishk, A.A.: ‘Embedded spiral microstrip implantable antenna’, Hindawi Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2001, 2011, pp. 1–6 (doi: 10.1155/2011/919821).
-
4)
-
6. Chen, Y.-S., Ku, T.-Y.: ‘Development of a compact LTE dual-band antenna using fractional factorial design’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2015, 14, pp. 1097–1100 (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2394505).
-
5)
-
3. Vidal, N., Curto, S., Lopez, J.M., et al: ‘Detuning study of implantable antennas inside the human body’, Prog. Electromagn. Res., 2012, 124, pp. 265–283 (doi: 10.2528/PIER11120515).
-
6)
-
9. Alrawashdeh, R.S., Huang, Y., Kod, M., et al: ‘A broadband flexible implantable loop antenna with complementary split ring resonators’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2015, 14, pp. 1506–1509 (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2403952).
-
7)
-
5. Kiourti, A., Nikita, K.S.: ‘Miniature scalp-implantable antennas for telemetry in the MICS and ISM bands: design, safety considerations and link budget analysis’, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2012, 60, (8), pp. 3568–3575 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2201078).
-
8)
-
7. Steinberg, D.M., Bursztyn, D.: ‘Noise factors, dispersion effects and robust design’, Statistica Sin., 1998, 8, pp. 67–85.
-
9)
-
1. Gemio, J., Parrón, J., Soler, J.: ‘Human body effects on implantable antennas for ISM bands applications: models comparison and propagation losses study’, Prog. Electromagn. Res., 2010, 110, pp. 437–452 (doi: 10.2528/PIER10102604).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/el.2015.2827
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/el.2015.2827
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6