SAR interferometry has been developed to estimate the precise elevation of surfaces that reflect radar signals, thus generating digital elevation models, which can be accurate to the metre. Further, it is possible to monitor slow motion of temporally stable targets with millimetre accuracy. Topics as interferometric data processing, performance evaluation, singleand multi-baseline acquisitions, mechanical stability of the targets (coherence) and differential InSAR stacks processing (persistent scatterers, SBAS) are introduced and discussed. The major applications for land, solid Earth and infrastructure monitoring are presented. If the radar faces targets like forests and glaciers, where electromagnetic wave penetration allows backscatter at different depths, it is then possible to separate the layers using SAR tomography, also discussed. Finally, an overview is made of the most challenging future interferometric systems, like passive bistatic companions or geosynchronous SAR.
Chapter Contents:
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 InSAR generalities
- 6.3 Digital elevation models (DEM) from the interferometric phase
- 6.4 Phase unwrapping and DEM generation
- 6.5 Coherence: the temporal stability of the targets
- 6.6 Baselines, coherence and wavenumber shift
- 6.7 Co-registration
- 6.8 Terrain motion measurement through the interferometric phase
- 6.9 The atmospheric contribution to the interferometric phase
- 6.10 Other phase noise sources
- 6.11 Multipass methodologies: persistent scatterers and small baseline
- 6.12 3D displacement measurements
- 6.13 Applications of differential InSAR: land subsidence and infrastructure monitoring
- 6.13.1 Infrastructure monitoring
- 6.14 SAR tomography of penetrable media
- 6.14.1 TomoSAR imaging principles
- 6.14.2 Real data processing
- 6.14.3 Applications
- 6.14.4 Polarimetric SAR tomography
- 6.15 The future of InSAR
- Acronyms
- References
Inspec keywords:
electromagnetic wave scattering;
digital elevation models;
radar signal processing;
radar interferometry;
synthetic aperture radar
Other keywords:
mechanical stability;
multibaseline acquisitions;
performance evaluation;
persistent scatterers;
geosynchronous SAR;
radar signals;
electromagnetic wave penetration;
passive bistatic companions;
solid Earth monitoring;
interferometric data processing;
differential InSAR stacks processing;
SAR interferometry;
single-baseline acquisitions;
land monitoring;
SAR tomography;
infrastructure monitoring;
digital elevation models
Subjects:
Radar equipment, systems and applications;
Signal processing and detection;
Geophysical techniques and equipment;
Radar theory;
Electromagnetic wave propagation