Target parameter estimation and array features
The primary objective of this chapter is to introduce the basic array signal processing methods. If such methods are to be implemented in a radar one has to take into account the particular interrelationships of the different radar processing blocks and one has to adapt the related processing. Therefore, another objective of this chapter is to analyse these problems. The antenna array has to be designed to fulfil all requirements of the radar which is typically a multitasking system. In fact, the requirements can often only be fulfilled in a compromise. These problems are pointed out. The principal array processing methods of deterministic pattern shaping and adaptive beamforming are presented as complementary techniques to be considered together. It depends on the application whether more emphasis is put on low sidelobes or on adaptive nulling. Angular super-resolution methods are presented as a special mode for critical tasks. It is shown that combining detection and monopulse estimation with adapted beamforming results in mutual influence that has to be accounted for. Most important are the implications on tracking algorithms. From these a number of rules for the radar management are derived. Results and conclusions presented in this chapter are not definite design rules but should be considered as exemplary to provide awareness where problems may arise.
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