This chapter discusses the quantities that an EW microwave receiver measures. The digital words a receiver generates and passes to a digital processor usually include five quantities. They are frequency, pulse amplitude (PA), pulse width (PW), time of arrival (TOA), and angle of arrival (AOA), as shown in the paper. Except for the frequency measurements, all these quantities are measured with similar schemes, even in different kinds of receivers. Therefore, they will be discussed in this chapter. The frequency information is very important for both sorting and jamming. By comparing the frequency of the pulses received, pulse trains of various radars can be sorted out. Knowing the frequency of the victim radar, the jammer can concentrate its energy in the desired frequency range. The theoretical aspect of frequency measurements will be discussed here; the actual measurement schemes will be discussed separately, in the chapters devoted to the particular receiver.

Chapter Contents:

• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Resolution, Accuracy, and Root Mean Square Values
• 3.3. Accuracy of Frequency Measurements
• 3.4. Pulse Amplitude Measurements
• 3.5. Multiple Triggering Problem
• 3.6. Pulse Width Measurements
• 3.7. Time of Arrival Measurements
• 3.8. Angle of Arrival Measurements
• 3.9. AOA Measured by Narrow-Beam Antenna and Side Lobe Cancellation
• 3.10. AOA Measured by Amplitude Comparison
• 3.11. Phase Comparison (Interferometry) AOA System
• 3.12. AOA Measurement through Doppler Frequency Shift
• 3.13. AOA Measurement through Differential TOA
• 3.14. AOA Measurement by Microwave Lens
• 3.15. Multiple-Beam AOA System
• 3.16. Antennas
• 3.17. Summary
• References

Inspec keywords: jamming; microwave receivers; direction-of-arrival estimation; frequency measurement; time-of-arrival estimation

Other keywords: digital words; pulse amplitude; frequency measurements; time of arrival; angle of arrival; frequency information; EW microwave receiver; victim radar; jamming; pulse width; parameter measurement; sorting; digital processor

Subjects: Electromagnetic compatibility and interference; Radio links and equipment; Signal processing and detection; Frequency measurement