Electronic Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures
All radars must be able to operate in the presence of naturally occurring interference resulting from transmissions from other sources. Military radars must also operate in hostile environments, which consist of deliberate interference designed to degrade their performance. This deliberate interference is called electronic countermeasures (ECM), and is traditionally divided into two categories: active ECM, consisting of noise and deception waveforms, and passive ECM, typically consisting of chaff and decoys.
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