In this chapter, we present a cross-layer fog-enabled framework that offers visitors of small venues; such as museums, malls, convention centres, hospitals, and so on; enhanced context-aware experience and navigation services over 5G small-cell infrastructure. Distributed fog-enabled devices provide 5G networking throughout the surrounding establishment. The visitor, after signing into the network, is able to view various information and multimedia content concerning the narrow points of interest (POIs). The infrastructure also provides the ability to navigate the visitor throughout the establishment, using well-known positioning techniques. The positioning takes place with the mobile device receiving and juxtaposing the signal strength of small RF beacons sculling the local area. Finally, the network proposes other nearby POIs, depending on the user's preferences, based on the meta-data information stored inside the user's mobile device. The framework logic and calculations are transferred and sent back to the user through the cloud.

Chapter Contents:

• Abstract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 State of the art
• 6.2.1 5G networks
• 6.2.2 Internet of Things and the fog
• 6.2.2.1 Advantages
• 6.2.2.2 Issues
• 6.2.3 Positioning methods
• 6.2.3.1 Outdoor positioning methods
• 6.2.3.2 Global positioning system and assisted GPS
• 6.2.3.3 Time of arrival and time difference of arrival
• 6.2.3.4 Indoor positioning methods
• 6.2.3.5 Proximity
• 6.2.3.6 Triangulation
• 6.2.3.7 Trilateration - multi-lateration
• 6.2.3.8 Fingerprinting
• 6.2.3.9 Dead reckoning
• 6.2.4 Related technologies
• 6.2.4.1 Bluetooth low energy
• 6.2.4.2 Beacons
• 6.2.4.3 Radio-frequency identification
• 6.2.4.4 Geo-fencing
• 6.2.5 Content delivery networks
• 6.2.6 Recommender systems
• 6.2.7 Software-defined networking and virtualisation
• 6.2.7.1 Software-defined networking
• 6.2.7.2 Network function virtualisation
• 6.2.7.3 Containers
• 6.3 Beyond state of the art - use case
• 6.4 Position-aware navigation system with recommendation functions
• 6.4.1 System architecture
• 6.4.2 Real-world plane
• 6.4.3 The fog plane
• 6.4.4 The cloud plane
• 6.5 Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
• References

Inspec keywords: cloud computing; Internet of Things; radionavigation; 5G mobile communication

Other keywords: enhanced context-aware experience; signal strength; 5G networking; navigation services; advanced cross-layer management features; IoT equipment; positioning techniques; meta-data information; POIs; points of interest; 5G small-cell infrastructure; mobile device; small RF beacons; fog-enabled navigation system; cross-layer fog-enabled framework; distributed fog-enabled devices; multimedia content

Subjects: Computer communications; Radionavigation and direction finding; Mobile radio systems; Computer networks and techniques; Information networks; Internet software