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Energy-efficient routing protocols in ad hoc networks

Energy-efficient routing protocols in ad hoc networks

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Wireless ad hoc networks consist of a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a network without the use of any existing network infrastructure. In such networks, each mobile node can serve as a router. Packet delivery is achieved through a single-hop transmission if the communicating nodes are neighbours, otherwise packets can be routed through multiple intermediate nodes. Energy efficiency is important issue in ad hoc networks, where mobile nodes are powered by batteries and it may not be possible to recharge them during a session. The limited battery lifetime can cause one or more links in the network to fail and affect the operation of the network. To maximize the network lifetime, traffic should be routed such that the energy consumption is minimized. We present a survey of energy-efficient routing approaches that have been proposed for various types of ad hoc networks, including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), ad hoc mesh networks, and cognitive radio networks. We discuss the main features of each approach and analyse their benefits and operation strategies.

Chapter Contents:

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Types of wireless ad hoc networks
  • 2.3 Energy-efficient routing in ad hoc networks
  • 2.4 Energy-efficient routing approaches in MANETs
  • 2.4.1 Reliable and energy-efficient routing (RelEE)
  • 2.4.2 Energy-Efficient On-Demand Routing Algorithm (EEAODR)
  • 2.4.3 Energy-Efficient Congestion-Aware Routing Protocol (EECARP)
  • 2.4.4 Progressive Energy-Efficient Routing (PEER)
  • 2.4.5 Energy Efficient Power Aware Routing (EEPAR) algorithm
  • 2.4.6 Route selection based on cost function
  • 2.4.7 Route discovery
  • 2.4.8 Modifications of control packets
  • 2.4.9 Modifications at the source node
  • 2.4.10 Modifications at the intermediate node
  • 2.4.11 Modifications at the destination node
  • 2.4.12 Maximization of network lifetime and congestion control
  • 2.4.13 Energy Aware Routing Algorithm (EARA)
  • 2.4.14 Energy Efficient Integrated Routing Protocol (E2IRP)
  • 2.4.14.1 E2IRP configuration phase
  • 2.4.14.2 E2IRP active phase
  • 2.4.15 Power-aware Routing Protocol (PAR)
  • 2.4.16 Energy Efficient Location Aided Routing (EELAR)
  • 2.4.17 Location-based Power Conservation (LBPC) Scheme for MANETs
  • 2.4.18 Cluster-based routing protocol (CBRP)
  • 2.5 Energy-efficient routing approaches in ad hoc mesh networks
  • 2.5.1 Energy and throughput-aware routing
  • 2.5.2 Battery aware multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mesh network power scheduling (BAMPS)
  • 2.5.3 Energy Efficient Routing (E2R)
  • 2.5.3.1 E2R route metric discovery phase
  • 2.5.3.2 Data delivery phase
  • 2.6 Energy-efficient routing approaches in Cognitive Radio ad hoc Networks (CRAHNs)
  • 2.6.1 MANETs versus Cognitive Radio ad hoc Networks
  • 2.6.2 Spectrum and Energy Aware Routing (SER) protocol
  • 2.6.3 Delay and Energy-based Spectrum Aware Routing (DESAR) protocol
  • 2.7 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References

Inspec keywords: routing protocols; telecommunication power management; cognitive radio; mobile ad hoc networks

Other keywords: multiple intermediate nodes; single hop transmission; ad hoc mesh networks; energy consumption; mobile ad hoc networks; packet delivery; MANET; limited battery lifetime; energy efficient routing protocols; mobile node collection; cognitive radio networks; wireless ad hoc networks

Subjects: Communication network design, planning and routing; Mobile radio systems; Protocols

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