Geographic routing (GR) algorithms are attractive in ad hoc wireless networks owing to their efficiency, scalability and, in particular, energy efficiency. In this chapter, based on the fundamental GR algorithms, two energy efficient local forwarding schemes are proposed in a two-dimensional ad hoc wireless network. In the optimal range forward (ORF) algorithm, the optimal transmission ranges are utilized to reduce the energy consumption of the network. Furthermore, an optimal forward with energy balance (OFEB) algorithm is proposed to balance the residual energy of each node and to prolong the network lifetime. The authors compare the proposed algorithms with the existing GR algorithms, such as the most forward within radius and the nearest forward progress algorithms. The network lifetime, the network throughput, the number of packets successfully received by the destination and the average energy cost of each successfully received packet, resulting from all the algorithms mentioned above, are compared based on different node densities. It is shown that the performance of the OFEB algorithm is significantly better than the others.

Chapter Contents:

• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Related work
• 14.3 Energy consumption model
• 14.3.1 Relay node location
• 14.3.2 Optimal transmission range
• 14.4 Energy efficient local forwarding schemes
• 14.5 Simulation results
• 14.5.1 Comparison of network lifetime and received packets in different GR algorithms
• 14.5.2 Impact of node density on different GR algorithms
• 14.5.3 Comparison of nodes' energy status in different GR algorithms
• 14.5.4 Comparison of other parameters in different GR algorithms
• 14.6 Further development
• 14.7 Conclusion
• References

Inspec keywords: telecommunication network routing; packet radio networks; energy consumption; energy conservation; ad hoc networks

Other keywords: optimal range forward algorithm; geographic routing algorithm; GR algorithm; energy efficient local forwarding scheme; two-dimensional ad hoc wireless network; optimal forward with energy balance; OFEB algorithm; network lifetime; energy consumption; ORF algorithm

Subjects: Radio links and equipment; Communication network design, planning and routing