Biometric systems, modalities and attacks
This chapter will present a detailed overview of biometric systems and how they work. The system attributes, performance metrics, modalities are all discussed, alongside an analysis of attacks that exist against biometric systems. Given the limitations that exist in all biometric systems, a trend in biometric research is towards the use of multibiometric systems, which seek to overcome the issues through the application of multiple modalities, algorithms, instances or samples. These systems and the approaches that exist are presented. The chapter ends with a discussion of the efforts being made with the standardization of the domain - which has been the essential factor in bringing biometrics from a niche into the mainstream.
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