Optimization of wind farms for communities
Energy supplies are moving away from environmentally damaging, finite, and expensive fossil fuels to renewable energy resources through technological innovations. Wind energy is one of the most advanced renewable energy resources due to the extensive research that has been ongoing over the last decades to optimize aerodynamic performance of wind turbines, structural design of wind turbines, control strategies, site selection, and the layout of wind farms. This chapter outlines fundamental elements of wind-farm-layout optimization including optimization parameters, objective functions, wake loss models, and search methods. Optimization parameters include base location, number, rotor diameter, hub height, rotational direction, and yaw angle of wind turbines, as well as shape of wind farm area. In the wake loss models section, all existing wake-loss models including large eddy simulation, nonlinear and linearized Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models, stochastic models, kinematic models, and empirical models are discussed. In addition, different search methods, from simple greedy search algorithms to advanced genetic algorithms (GAs), are briefly reviewed and compared.
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