This chapter will examine fundamental aspects of electrical power system theory that form the basis of power system design and operation, and which in turn are essential to the preparation of a construction design specification. It will also briefly examine the fundamentals of the wider power system such as generator and high voltage direct current (HVDC) theory and operation. Although various parts of this chapter can be obtained from a wide range of contemporary technical publications, it is collated here to provide a concise and relevant reference source in a single publication for ease of assimilation. The following will be examined: 1.Basic power system relationships 2. Power system current flow analysis 3. Transformer fundamentals 4. Per cent impedance and fault level analysis 4. Synchronous generator fundamentals 5.Wind generation 6. Power system transients 7.HVDC transmission.

Chapter Contents:

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Basic power system relationships
• 3.2.1 Polar notation
• 3.2.2 The j operator
• 3.2.3 The a operator
• 3.2.4 Power flow relationships
• 3.2.5 Power transfer relationship
• 3.3 Power system current flow analysis
• 3.3.1 Network current flow analysis methods
• 3.3.1.1 The Kirchhoff method
• 3.3.1.2 The Maxwell mesh current method
• 3.3.1.3 The superposition method
• 3.3.1.4 The Thevenin method
• 3.3.1.5 The extended superposition method
• 3.4 Transformer fundamentals
• 3.4.1 Two-winding transformer — principles
• 3.4.2 Transformer relationships
• 3.4.3 Transformer equivalent circuit
• 3.4.4 Referred impedance — two-winding transformer
• 3.4.5 Autotransformer
• 3.4.6 Referred impedance — autotransformer
• 3.4.7 Current transformers
• 3.5 Per-cent impedance
• 3.5.1 Per-cent impedance — concept
• 3.5.2 Per-cent impedance — basics
• 3.5.3 Per-cent impedance — advantages of use
• 3.5.4 Ohms and per-cent impedance conversion
• 3.6 Synchronous generator fundamentals
• 3.6.1 Synchronous generator introduction
• 3.6.1.1 Generator physical arrangements
• 3.6.1.2 Generator electrical characteristics
• 3.6.1.3 Generator controls — thermal power stations
• 3.6.1.4 Generator performance chart
• 3.6.1.5 Generator pole slipping
• 3.7 Wind generation
• 3.7.1 Induction generator — principles
• 3.7.2 Early wind generators
• 3.7.3 Modern wind generators
• 3.7.4 Wind generator — fault level contribution
• 3.8 Power system transients
• 3.8.1 Types of transient
• 3.8.2 Currents arising on energisation of an inductive circuit
• 3.8.3 Currents arising on energisation of a capacitive circuit
• 3.9 HVDC transmission
• 3.9.1 HVDC transmission — introduction
• 3.9.2 HVDC transmission — simplified description
• 3.9.3 HVDC convertors — types

Inspec keywords: power transmission faults; power generation faults; HVDC power transmission; synchronous generators; power system transients; power transformers; wind power plants

Other keywords: power system transients; fault level analysis; power system design fundamental; transformer fundamentals; wind generation; electrical power system theory; HVDC transmission; construction design specification; Power system current flow analysis; synchronous generator fundamentals; basic power system relationships

Subjects: Transformers and reactors; Synchronous machines; Wind power plants; d.c. transmission