Methane in MOFs: where, why, and how
In 2012, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) of the US Department of Energy issued a set of goals for NG storage (VED > 12.5 MJ/L). Of the four projects funded through the Methane Opportunities for Vehicular Energy program for development of new storage media, three involved the use of adsorbent materials. Of these sorbent-based projects, two focused on the application of advanced porous materials (metal-organic frameworks [MOFs] and porous organic polymers). MOFs comprise metal ions or atoms linked by multitopic organic linkers (independently referred to as secondary building units [SBUs]) to form extended two or three-dimensional porous materials, oftentimes with high crystallinity. The enormous variety in options involving organic and inorganic building unit selection gives rise to a plethora of possible structures with varying functionalities. The ability to tailor pore shapes and sizes, along with the presence of various functional groups has given rise to an incredible number of reports involving application of MOFs in fields such as gas storage, separations, catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery. The past several years have produced a surge in research investigating methane storage in MOFs, and have led to several quality review papers providing excellent insight into the status of MOFs for ANG technologies. As such, it is the purpose of this mini review to provide an overview of the adsorption of methane in MOFs with particular focus on identification and efficacy of adsorption sites.
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