Smart Grid enables the integration of electric vehicles
This chapter is devoted to discussing how the integration of electric vehicles is enabled by the Smart Grid. It started by highlighting the benefits gained from the electrification of transportation and the factors that drive toward transportation electrification. The challenges to EV adoption faced by both customers and utilities are then discussed. This is followed by discussing the types of EV charging stations, which is also known as EV supply equipment (EVSE). Smart charging enabled by Smart Grid is then covered. The load management of EVs using SmartGrid technologies was then discussed. Under this title, several topics were covered including (i) the difference EVs make to electricity load, (ii) optimizing EV charging scheduling using Smart-Grid technologies, (iii) using EVs to meet peak load, and (iv) management of intermittent renewable energy-based generation using EVs and effect of regulation, electricity pricing business models for EVs charging stations on load management of EVs. This is followed by discussing the flexibility of electric vehicles and their integration into Smart Grid, whereby the definition of flexibility in relation to EV was introduced followed by discussing the components related to EV-Smart-Grid integration and then the management of the flexibility provided by EV-stored energy was covered. Finally, automatic charging scheduling of multiple PEV to be connected to a Smart Grid using real-time smart load management (RL-SLM) algorithm was discussed. Among other things covered under this title include (i) the basic components of the RL-SLM algorithm, outlining the formulation of the optimization algorithm used to minimize generation and losses during PEVs charging and (ii) automation of scheduling PEVs charging using the RT-SLM algorithm, whereby the operating principles of the RT-SLM algorithm and its implementation were explained.
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