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Chilling and district cooling systems

Chilling and district cooling systems

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Systems for cooling and district cooling are described. This material is of great consequence to the book since cooling systems are the foundation of most district cooling systems as well as a technology against which cogeneration systems sometimes must compete. A general model for cooling and district cooling systems is provided to facilitate engineering assessments and descriptions, along with thermodynamic analyses based on energy and exergy. The resultant energy and exergy balances and efficiencies are also provided. The various types of cooling technologies are listed along with their characteristics. The types of cooling technologies include electrically driven vapor-compression chillers and heat-driven absorption chiller systems as well as systems for free cooling. The relation between chillers and heat pumps, which typically operate on the same thermodynamic cycle, is outlined. The coverage for cooling systems includes subjects such as basics, applications, types, classifications, operation, performance and efficiency. Extending the coverage of cooling or chilling, the many types of technologies for district cooling are listed and described. Characteristics of district cooling systems are provided, including advantages, operation, applications, distribution and capacity. The district cooling systems covered that operate using hydrocarbon fuels, electricity, surface waters, the ground, solar energy, biomass and industrial waste energy. It is shown how district cooling can be used to meet the space cooling requirements of buildings in the residential, commercial and institutional sectors, and how district cooling systems often allow cooling services to be provided to buildings with advantages over conventional cooling systems.

Chapter Contents:

  • Overview
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 General cooling system model
  • 5.3 Analyses for general cooling system
  • 5.3.1 Energy and exergy balances
  • 5.3.2 Efficiencies
  • 5.4 Systems for cooling
  • 5.4.1 Cooling technologies and their characteristics
  • 5.4.2 Vapor-compression chiller systems
  • 5.4.2.1 Description and operation
  • 5.4.2.2 Relation between chillers and heat pumps
  • 5.4.2.3 Modifications to enhance efficiency
  • 5.4.3 Absorption chiller systems
  • 5.4.3.1 Description and operation
  • 5.4.3.2 Performance and efficiency
  • 5.4.4 Free cooling
  • 5.5 Systems for district cooling
  • 5.5.1 Description and categorization
  • 5.5.2 Distribution and capacity
  • 5.5.3 Applications and examples
  • 5.5.4 Types of district cooling systems
  • 5.5.4.1 Hydrocarbon fuels
  • 5.5.4.2 Electricity
  • 5.5.4.3 Surface waters
  • 5.5.4.4 Ground
  • 5.5.4.5 Solar energy
  • 5.5.4.6 Biomass
  • 5.5.4.7 Industrial waste energy
  • 5.6 Case studies
  • 5.6.1 Case study: district cooling network in Paris, France
  • 5.6.1.1 Cooling plants
  • 5.6.1.2 Energy storage systems
  • 5.6.1.3 Distribution network
  • 5.6.1.4 Geothermal energy plant
  • 5.6.1.5 System benefits
  • 5.6.2 Case study: free cooling plant in Paris, France
  • 5.6.2.1 Chillers
  • 5.6.2.2 Free cooling circuits
  • 5.6.2.3 District network
  • 5.6.2.4 System benefits
  • 5.7 Closure

Inspec keywords: air conditioning; district heating; cogeneration; cooling; heat pumps

Other keywords: engineering assessments; thermodynamic analyses; cogeneration systems; space cooling; heat pumps; chilling; district cooling systems; heat-driven absorption chiller systems; electrically driven vapor-compression chillers; exergy balances

Subjects: Space heating; Air conditioning

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